Public facilities are the facilities provided by the government either free of cost or at very low price for the welfare of the people like schools, health centres, public transport, etc. The importance of these facilities is to make it available to everyone for use so that the standard of living improves.
The major public facilities are as follows
Basic Education Government provides school and other educational facilities like chair, books, etc. to be used by the public. But its use and performance is depended on collective response and community cooperation.
Basic Health Facilities Government provides hospitals, vaccine programmes to maintain basic quality of life.
Law and Order Facility/Security It is the duty of the government to ensure law and order and provide security in order to maintain peace in the country.
Provide for Public Distribution System Government opens PDS shops or ration shops through which it supplies basic food items like rice, wheat, pulses, etc. at very low price/subsidised rate to the lower income group or poor people.

Unemployment is a major problem in India and it is prevalent in both rural and urban areas.
Underemployment is also visible as disguised unemployment in agricultural sector in rural areas and as unorganised service sector in urban areas.
These issues need to be addressed properly.
The steps that can be taken to increase employment are
(i) Education and health sector can create massive employment in urban as well as rural areas. Vocational training also creates massive employment so these sector should be encouraged.
(ii) Allied activities like horticulture, pisciculture should be promoted which will create employment in rural areas. Promotion of small scale industries will also create employment.
(iii) Cheap credit for setting up new businesses can create employment in both rural and urban areas.
(iv) Social safety programmes like MGNREGA, NRLM (National Rural Livelihood Mission), etc generate massive employment in rural and urban areas respectively so they should be encouraged.

The Tertiary sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in the Indian economy in the last decade because
(i) Demand for tertiary sector activities like transport, storage and trade has increased substantially with the development of the Primary and Secondary sectors.
(ii) Increasing requirement of information, communication and technology has created lot of jobs.
(iii) With increase in the income levels of the people, demand for tourism, shopping, education and other services has increased.
(iv) Liberalisation of the financial environment has boosted faster growth in financial services.
(v) Basic services of education and healthcare require a large number of people to be engaged in tertiary sector activities.

The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues
(i) Wages They are low and not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, etc. Minimum wages rules should be implemented strictly.
(ii) Safety Construction workers can get injured while working and they need to work under safe conditions. There should be a check on the working conditions along with the provision of insurance.
(iii) Health Long working hours and unhygienic working environment affect the health of the workers adversely. Health insurance along with a fixed number of working hours should be made mandatory.

The developmental goals for the area such as shown in the picture varies in two aspects. One aspect should be that of people residing in flats and second aspect would be the perspective of slum dwellers or people residing in small hut.
For people residing in flats of multistory building, the developmental goals would be proper space and playground for their children, security, better schooling facilities, parking space, aesthetic locality, etc. While slum dwellers would be expecting proper houses, availability of basic necessary services like electricity, water and sanitation. Ideal way for development of locality would be a mix of developmental goals benefiting both communities without curtailing rights and interest of any community.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A