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Published on: 30/09/2019
Circles
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1.
Choose the correct option and given justification:
In the given figure, if TP and TO are the two tangents to a circle with centre O, so that \(\angle\)POQ = 110°, then \(\angle\)PTO is equal to

(a) \(60^{ \circ }\)
(b) \(70^{ \circ }\)
(c) \(80^{ \circ }\)
(d) \(90^{ \circ }\)
2.
If from an external point B of a circle with centre O, two tangents BC and BD are drawn such that \(\angle DBC={ 120 }^{ \circ }\), prove that BC + CD = BO i.e., BO = 2BC.
3.
PA and PB are two tangents from an exterior point P to a circle of radius 5 cm. If length of the chord AB is 8 cm, then find the length of the tangent.
4.
With the vertices of a triangle ABC as centres, three circles are described each touching the other two externally. If the sides of the triangle are 4 cm, 6 cm, and 8 cm, find the radii of the circles.
5.
In the given figure, the diameters, of two wheels have measures 4cm and 2cm. Determine the lengths of the belts AD and BC that pass around the wheels if it is given that belts cross each other at right angles.

6.
QR is a tangent Q.PR||AQ, where AQ is a chord through A and P is a centre, the end point of the diameter AB.Prove that BR is tangent at B.

7.
Two circles touch each other externally at C.AB and CD are two common tangents.If D lies on AB such that CD=6cm, then find AB.
8.
In figure, the sides AB, BC and CA of triangle ABC touch a circle with centre O and radius r at P, Q and R respectively.Prove that
(i) AB + CQ = AC + BQ
(ii)area (\(\Delta\)ABC) = \(1\over2\) (perimeter of \(\Delta\)ABC) x r
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1.
Given, TP and TQ are two tangents to a circle and \(\angle\)POQ = 110°. Join PQ.
In \(\triangle OPQ\), OP = OQ [radii of circle]

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\angle OPQ=\angle OQP\) [angles corresponding to equal sides are equal]
Then, \(\angle OPQ=\angle OQP=\frac { { 180 }^{ \circ }-{ 110 }^{ \circ } }{ 2 } =35^{ \circ }\)
Since, [\(\because\)radius of a circle is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact]
\(\therefore \angle OPT={ 90 }^{ \circ }\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\angle OPQ=\angle OQP={ 90 }^{ \circ }\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\angle OPQ+\angle OPT={ 90 }^{ \circ }\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \({ 35 }^{ \circ }+\angle OPT={ 90 }^{ \circ }\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\angle OPT={ 55 }^{ \circ }\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\angle OQT={ 90 }^{ \circ }\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\angle OQP+\angle PQT={ 90 }^{ \circ }\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \({ 35 }^{ \circ }+\angle PQT={ 90 }^{ \circ }\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\angle PQT={ 55 }^{ \circ }\)
Now, in \(\triangle PTQ,\quad \angle QPT+\angle PQT+\angle PTQ=180^{ \circ }\)
[\(\because\)sum of all angles in a triangle is 180°]
\(\Rightarrow\) \( { 55 }^{ \circ }+{ 55 }^{ \circ }+\angle PTQ={ 180 }^{ \circ }\)
\(\Rightarrow\angle PTQ={ 180 }^{ \circ }-\left( { 55 }^{ \circ }+{ 55 }^{ \circ } \right) ={ 70 }^{ \circ }\quad \)
2.

Join OC and OD.
ஃ OC ⊥ BC
[tangent to any circle is perpendicular to its radius at point of contact]
ஃ \(\angle \)OCB = 90°
In \(\triangle\)OCB and \(\triangle\)ODB, we have
CB = DB
[tangent from an external point]
OB = OB [common side]
OC = OD [radii of a circle]
ஃ By SSS congruency, we have
\(\triangle\)OCB ≅\(\triangle\)ODB
⇒ \(\angle \)OBC = \(\angle \)OBD
= \(1\over2\) \(\angle \)CBD = \(1\over2\) x 120° = 60°
ஃ \(BC\over BO\)=cos 60°
⇒ \(BC\over BO\) = \(1\over2\)
⇒ BO = 2BC
Also, BO = BC + BC
⇒ BO = BC + BD [∵ BC = BD]
3.
\(6\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \)cm
4.
1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm
5.
In \(\triangle\)OAP and \(\triangle\)OCP

AP PC, OP = OP and OA = OC
ஃ \(\triangle\)OAP = \(\triangle\)OCP
ஃ \(\angle \)APO = \(\angle \)CPO
But \(\angle \)APC = 90°
ஃ \(\angle \)APO = 45°
In right \(\triangle\)OAP, \(AP\over OP\) = cot 45°
ஃ AP = OA = 2 cm
Similarly,
PD = 1 cm, AD = AP + PD = 3 cm
AD = BC, ⇒ BC = 3 cm
6.

AQ || PR \(\angle \)1 = \(\angle \)4 and \(\angle \)2 = \(\angle \)3
ஃ Also \(\angle \)1 = \(\angle \)2 [∵ PA = PQ]
\(\angle \)3 = \(\angle \)4
In \(\triangle\)PQR and \(\triangle\)PBR, PR = PR
PQ = PB, \(\angle \)3 = \(\angle \)4
ஃ \(\triangle\)POQ ≌ \(\triangle\)PBR
⇒ \(\angle \)PBR = \(\angle \)PQR
∵ PQR = 90° [QR is tangent and PQ is radius]
ஃ \(\angle \)PBR = 90°
⇒ BR is tangent
7.

AD = CD
ஃ AD = 6 cm
Also DB = CD
ஃ DB = 6 cm
⇒ AB = 6 + 6
=- 12 cm
8.
(i) AP = AR [Tangents from A] ...(i)
Similarly, BP = BQ ...(ii)
CR = CQ ...(iii)
Now, ∵ AP = AR
⇒ (AB - BP) = (AC-CR)
⇒ AB + CR = AC+ BP
⇒ AB + CQ = AC + BQ
(ii) Let AB = x, BC =y, AC = z
ஃ Perimeter of \(\triangle\)ABC = x + y + z
Area of \(\triangle\)ABC = [area of AOB + area of BOC + area AOC]
⇒ Area of ABC = AB x OP + x BC x OQ + x AC x OR
Area of ABC = \(1\over2\)X x r + \(1\over2\)y x r + \(1\over2\)z x
\(\Rightarrow\) Area of \(\Delta\)ABC=\(1\over2\)(x+y+z) x r
\(\Rightarrow\) Area of \(\Delta\)ABC=\(1\over2\)(Perimeter of \(\Delta\)ABC) x r
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