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Published on: 26/09/2019
Polynomials
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1.
For which values of a and b, the zeroes of q(x)=x3+2x2+a are also the zeroes of the polynomial p(x)=x5-x4-4x3+3x2+3x+b?
2.
If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial p(x)=(a+1)x2+(2a+3)x+(3a+4) is -1, then find the product of its zeroes.
3.
If α and β are zeroes of the polynomial 21y2-y-2, then find a quadratic polynomial, whose zeroes 2α and 2β.
4.
Divide x4-3x2+4x+5 by x2-x+1 and find its quotient and remainder.
5.
Find the zeroes of polynomial \(4\sqrt { 3x^{ 2 } } +5x-22\sqrt { 3 } \) and verify the relation between the zeroes and coefficient of the polynomial.
6.
Given that, x2+2x-3 is a factor of f(x)=x4+6x3+2ax2+bx-3a. Find the values of a and b.
7.
It is given that 1 is one of the zeroes of the polynomial 7x-x3-6. Find its other zeroes.
8.
If 2 and -3 are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2+(a+1)x+b, then find the values of a and b.
9.
Can the quadratic polynomial x2+kx+k have equal zeroes for some odd integer k>1?
10.
If a and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x)=ax2+bx+c, then find the difference between the zeroes.
\(\left( \alpha -\beta \right) ^{ 2 }=\left( \alpha +\beta \right) ^{ 2 }-4\alpha \beta \quad or\quad \left( \alpha -\beta \right) =\pm \sqrt { \left( \alpha +\beta \right) ^{ 2 }-4\alpha \beta } \)
11.
If a and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial p(x)=ax2+bx+c, then evaluate a2β+aβ2 .
12.
Find a quadratic polynomial whose one zero is 7 and sum of zeroes is -18.
13.
Find the zeros of the quadratic polynomial x2 +7x+10 and verify relationship between the zeros and the coefficients.
14.
If zeros of the polynomial x2+(a+1)x+b are 2 and -3, then find the value of (a+b).
15.
Find the value of 'a' if X+a is a factor (zero) of the polynomial 2x2+2ax+5x+10.
1.
Let the zeroes of q(x)=x3+2x2+a are also the zeroes of the polynomial p(x)=x5-x4-4x3+3x2+3x+b, i.e q(x) is a factor of p(x). Now, let us divide p(x) by q(x).
Then, the division process is
Since, (x3+2x2+a) is a factor
(x5-x4-4x3+3x2+3x+b), so remainder should be zero.
i.e -(1+a)x2+(3+3a)x+(b-2a)=0 or (1+a)x2+(3+3a)x+(b-2a)=0=0.x2+0.x+0
On comparing the coefficient of x2 and constant term, we get
a+1=0 and b-2a=0
⇒ a=-1 and b=2a
⇒ a=-1 and b=2(-1)=-2 [∵ a=-1]
Hence, for a=-1 and b=-2, the zeroes of q(x) are also the the zeroes of the polynomial p(x).
2.
Sum of zeroes = \(\frac{Coefficient \ of \ x}{Coefficient \ of \ x^{2}}\)
\(-1=\frac{-(2a+3)}{a +1}\)
= -2
3.
\(y^{ 2 }-\frac { 2y }{ 21 } -\frac { 8 }{ 21 } \)
4.
Quotient=x2+x-3, remainder=8
5.
\(-\frac { 2 }{ \sqrt { 3 } } ,\quad \frac { \sqrt { 3 } }{ 4 } \)
6.
a=5, b=-2
7.
-3 and 2
8.
a=0, b=-6
9.
Let given polynomial be p(x)=x2+kx+k.
On comparing with ax2+bx+c, we get|a=1, b=k and c=k
Let the quadratic polynomial have equal zeroes say α and α.
Then, \(\alpha +\alpha =-\frac { b }{ \alpha } =\frac { -k }{ 1 } \)
\(\Rightarrow \quad 2\alpha =\frac { -k }{ 1 } \)
\(\\ \Rightarrow \quad a=\frac { -k }{ 2 } \)
and \(\alpha .\alpha =\frac { c }{ a } =\frac { k }{ 1 } \Rightarrow a^{ 2 }=k\)
\(\therefore \ \left( \frac { -k }{ 2 } \right) ^{ 2 }=k \ \left[ \because \ =\frac { -k }{ 2 } \right] \)
\(\\ \Rightarrow \ k^{ 2 }-4k=0\)
\(\\ \Rightarrow \ k(k-4)=0\)
\(\\ \Rightarrow \ k=0,4\)
Thus, equal roots are possible only when k is even.
Hence, the given statement is wrong.
10.
Given, a and β are the zeroes of f(x)=ax2+bx+c.
\(\alpha +\beta =-\frac { Coefficient \ of \ x }{ Coefficient \ of\ x^{ 2 } } =-\frac { b }{ a } \) ....(i)
and \(\alpha \beta =\frac { Constant \ term }{ Coefficient \ of \ x^{ 2 } } =\frac { c }{ a } \) .....(ii)
We know that,
\(\left( \alpha -\beta \right) ^{ 2 }=\left( \alpha +\beta \right) ^{ 2 }-4\alpha \beta \)
\(\left( \alpha -\beta \right) ^{ 2 }=\left( \frac { -b }{ a } \right) ^{ 2 }-4\left( \frac { c }{ a } \right) \) [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
\(=\frac { b^{ 2 } }{ a^{ 2 } } -\frac { 4c }{ a } =\frac { b^{ 2 }-4c }{ a^{ 2 } } \)
On taking square root both sides, we get
\(\alpha -\beta =\pm \frac { 1 }{ a } \sqrt { b^{ 2 }-4c } \)
which is the required difference between their zeroes.
11.
Given, a and β are the zeroes of the polynomial
p(x)=ax2+bx+c.
Sum of zeroes, a+β=\(-b\over a\) and product of zeroes, aβ=\(c\over a\)
Now, a2β+aβ2=aβ(a+β)
\(=\frac { c }{ a } \times \frac { (b) }{ a } =\frac { -bc }{ a^{ 2 } } \)
12.
Let other zeroes be a.
Then, according to the given condition,
a+7=-18
⇒ a=-25
Required quadratic polynomial will be (x-7)(x+25)
or x2+18x-175
13.
Let f(x)=x2+7x+10.
By splitting the middle term, we get
f(x)=x2+5(5+2)x+10 [∵ 7=5+2 and 5x2=10]
⇒ f(x)=x2+5x+2x+10=x(x+5)+2(x+5)
⇒ f(x)=(x+5)(x+2)
On putting f(x)=0, we get
(x+5)(x+2)=0
⇒ x+5=0 or x+2=0
⇒ x=-2
Thus, the zeroes of given polynomial are a=-5 and b=-2
Verification
Here, sum zeros, a+β=-7=-\(\frac { Coefficient \ of \ x }{ Coefficient \ of \ x^{ 2 } } \)
and product of zeroes, aβ=10=\(\frac { Constant \ term }{ Coefficient \ of \ x^{ 2 } } \)
So, the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients is verified.
14.
Given, 2 and -3 are the zeros of x2+(a+1)x+b.
On putting x=2, we get
(2)2+(a+1)2+b=0
⇒ 4+2a+2+b=0
⇒ 2a+b=6 ..(i)
Again putting x=-3, we get
(-3)2+(a+1)(-3)+b=0
⇒ 9-3a-3+b=0
⇒ -3a+b=-6 ..(ii)
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
5a=0⇒a=0
On putting a=0 in Eq. (ii), we get
-3(0)+b=-6⇒0+b=-6⇒b=6
Now, a+b=0-6=-6
Hence, the value of (a+b) is -6.
15.
Let p(x)=2x2+2ax+5x+10
Since, x+a is a factor of p(x).
Therefore, p(-a)=0
⇒ 2(-a)2+2a(-a)+5(-a)+10=0
⇒ 2a2-2a2-5a+10=0⇒5a=10a=2
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