(i) Rainwater harvesting-it means rain water should not be allowed flow into the drains but make it percolate into the soil more efficiently.
(ii) Recycling of water used in bathrooms and kitchens should be encouraged.
(iii) Construction of dams.

(i) During 1970 in Reni village of Garhwal, a contractor was allowed to cut trees in a forest near the village.
(ii) When the contractor's workers went to the forest to cut trees, the women of the village hugged the tree trunks to prevent the workers from cutting trees.
(iii) Chipko means 'hug' and the movement began with the villagers hugging trees. it is called the 'Chipko Andolan'.
(iv) The movement benefited the local population as it conserved the forest products. it benefited the environment as it conserved the quality of soil and sources of water thereby, maintained balance in nature.

Due to the presence of a large numbers of species threatened with extinction, forests are said to be 'biodiversity hotspots'.
The two ways in which an individual can contribute effectively to the management of forests and wildlife are:
(1) As individuals, we can try to cut down the use of products directly obtained from forests such as gum, rubber, wood, paper, etc., thereby protecting against the excessive cutting of trees.
(2) As individuals, we must discourage and protect against the poaching of wild animals for commercial use.

(1) Fossil fuels cause pollution.
(2) They also cause acid rain.
(3) They disturb ecology.
(4) They cannot be reused, i.e. they are non-renewable.

Sources which are not available again and are getting exhausted and are called non-renewable sources of energy, e.g. coal, petroleum.

(1) Rising population: As the population increases, demand for water increases resulting in depletion of underground water level.
(2) Industrialization: Industries need more and more water to manufacture products. With growing industrialization, demand for water increases which results in reduction in the availability of underground water.

Wildlife means all those naturally occurring animals, plants and their species which are not cultivated, domesticated and tamed. Wildlife is important for us because.
(1) They provide great aesthetic value for human beings.
(2) They help in maintaining ecological balance.

Exploiting resources with short-term aim is just to reap huge profit, whereas using resources with a long-term perspective is to reap the benefit in a sustainable manner so that these will last for generations to come.

(a) Put off the fans and lights when they are not required.
(b) Maximum use of solar radiation.
(c) Use of solar water heating system during winters.
(d) Use of fluorescent tubes or CFL

(a)Switching off lights and fans when not required
(b)Turn the taps off when not in use
(c)Biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes should be separated into separate bins;
(d)Proper and strong water harvesting systems
(e)Plantation of trees
(f)Organizing awareness programmes for students, teachers and parents
(g)Participation in the community programmes related to environment/ecology

(a)Always switch off the electrical appliances when not in use.
(b)Do not watse water
(c)Separate biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste
(d)Construct water harvesting systems building
(e)Use energy efficient devices.
(f)Use a bicycle for going to nearby places.
(g)Reuse the plastic containers
(h)Use cloth bags for shopping
(i)Use compact fluorescent lamps

Eris and Oorani and lakes are the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in my region.

We can conserve forests by the following methods:
(a) Silviculture is a programme started to replenish the forests by growing more trees and plants.
(b) Afforestation.
(c) Awareness programme- tree plantation (vanamahotsava) should be made more popular.
(d) Over-grazing by cattle should not be encouragded.
(e) Unauthorized felling of forest trees should be stopped.
(f) The plants useful for industry must be planted on waste lands.
(g) Local people should be employed to employed to protect the forests.
(h) Forest resources should be used in such a way that the environment is preserved and the benefit of the controlled exploitation go to the local people.

Exploitation of resources with short-term aims means misuse of the resource and harm to the earth for need and money.

Stop wastage of water.
(a)Switching off unnecessary lights and fans
(b)Reuse carry bags, packing materials,plastic containers and other reusable materials.
(c)Walking down or use cycle for going to nearby market instead of using vehicle.