Haemoglobin efficiently binds with oxygen and transports it to various parts of the body. Deficiency of haemoglobin is referred to as anaemia. The consequence of such condiion is that the blood is unable to carry sufficient amount of oxygen as required by the body and would cause less respiration.
Also, less energy would be liberated. In anaemia, the person feels weak, skin becomes pale, person feel lethargic and is unable to perform heavy physical tasks.

The amount of urine produced is regulated by the selective reabsorption in the tubule of nephron as urine flows along the tube. The amount of water reabsorbed (or urine formed) depends on how much excess of water is there in the body and on how much of dissolved wastes is there which is to be excreted.

Four basic processes that are essential for maintaining life are
(i) Nutrition It is the process of transferring source of energy from outside to the body of an organism.
(ii) Respiration It is the process of acquiring oxygen from outside into the body and using it for the breakdown of food sources to release energy for cellular needs.
(iii) Transportation It is the process of carrying food and oxygen from one place to another in the body.
(iv) Excretion It is the process of removing byproducts and waste products from body which are formed during energy generating reactions.

The small intestine is the main region for the absorption of digested food. The inner lining of the small intestine is covered by millions of tiny finger-like projections called villi. The presence of villi gives the inner walls of the small intestine a very large surface area for the absorption of digestad food.

(a) Breakdown of glucose by various pathways for different organisms are:

(b) Difference in oxidation of glucose

(i)Anchoring the plant
(ii)Source of water and minerals
(iii)Availability of oxygen for respiration of root cells
(iv)Symbiotic association with microbes.