(i) After 1990. there of coalition governments started at the centre.
(ii) Since no single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, the major national parties had to enter into an alliance with many parties including several regional parties had to form a government at the centre.
(iii) This led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for the autonomy of state Governments.
(iv) This trend was supported by a major judgement of the Supreme Court
(v) In a coalition government the partners form a political alliance and adopt a common programme.

(i) Our constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language.
(ii) Hindi was identified as the official language
(iii) But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent Indians. Therefore there was many safeguards to protect other languages.
(iv) Besides Hindi, there are 21 languages recognised as scheduled languages by the constitution.
(v) States to have their own official languages
(vi) Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned state.
(vii) Our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi.
(viii) Use of the English language along with Hindi continues for official purpose.
(ix) Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India.
(x) The promotion does not force Hindi language on states where people speak a different language.
(xi) The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri Lanka finds itself in.

(i) There are two or more levels of government
(ii) Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
(iii) The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution. So the existence and authority of each tier of government is constitutionally guaranteed.
(iv) The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.
(v) Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different levels of government.
(vi) Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure its financial autonomy.
(vii) The federal system thus has dual objectives to safeguard and promote unity of the country, while at the same time accommodate regional diversity.

The differences between the Local governments before and after the Constitutional Amendment in 1992 are

While elections are held regularly and enthusiastically, 'gram sabhas' are not held regularly. Most state governments have not transferred significant powers to the local governments. Nor have they given adequate resources. We are thus still a long way from realising the ideal of self-government.

(d) Local Government - Residuary Powers

Governmental power is divided between different levels of government

The position held by Sangeeta is the correct one. In reality, the policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.
An example is the case of the English language. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was to stop in 1965. But many non-Hindi speaking states demanded that the use of English should continue.
The Central Government agreed to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes.

The differences between the Local governments before and after the Constitutional Amendment in 1992 are

The main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary are
(i) In the federal form of government like in India, the powers are divided between the Central Government and State Governments. Both levels have their areas of jurisdiction. On the other hand, in a unitary form of government, the National Government has all the powers. Any constitutional power given to the states or regions of the country is dependent on the National Government, which can be withdrawn at any time. Sri Lanka is one such example.
(ii) In a federal system, a State Government has powers of its own for which it is not answerable to the Central Government. On the other hand, in a unitary system, the State Government does not have power of its own.

One similar feature of federalism between India and Belgium is that both are holding together federations, where the Central Government tends to be more powerful vis-a-vis the states or regions. One different feature of federalism between India and Belgium is that in Belgium, there are three kinds of government
(i) Government at the Centre
(ii) Government at the State level
(iii) The Community Government
The Community Government has powers regarding cultural, educational and language related issues. But in India, the third kind of government is not a Community Government. It is the local self-government (Municipalities or Panchayats).

Three federal countries other than India are: 
(1) South Africa (2) Australia (3) Pakistan 

(i) coming together
(ii) stronger
(iii) holding together
(iv) Central