Question Set B

CBSE 11th Biology The Living World Model Questions Papers Study Material - QB365

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Questions:

Generic 5

4 x 5 = 20

Write five differences between chordata and non-chordata.

Which features distinguish blood from lymph?

With suitable diagrams explain the structures of dicot and monocot root.

Brassica campestris Linn
(i) Give the common name of the plant.
(ii) What do the first two parts of the name denote?
(iii) Why are they written in italics?
(iv) What is the meaning of Linn written at the end of the name?

Generic 2

5 x 2 = 10

Name the tissue that makes up the following in a dicot stem:
(a) Hypodermis
(b) Pith.

Draw a labelled diagram of a mango fruit as seen in a V.S.

Give an example of an oviparous mammal

Write the example of urochordates

How do fungi form partnership with most plants?

Generic 3

7 x 3 = 21

10.

Describe the following as asked against each:
(a) Gizzard in cockroach: Function
(b) Open type of vascular system: One example
(c) Heart: Name of tissue.

11.

What are root hairs? Which region of the root do they arise from? What is their function?

12.

What are phycocolloids? Name two of them and their respective sources.

13.

Differentiate between the gametophyte and sporophyte of plants. What is meant by alternation of generations?

14.

On the basis of which characters you can say that Aschelminthes are more advanced compared to Platyhelminthes?

15.

Write the floral formula of an actinomorphic, bisexual and hypogynous flower with five united sepals, five free petals, five free stamens and two united carpels with superior ovary and axile placentation.

16.

Organ system in different groups of animals exhibits various patterns of complexities. Explain

Multiple Choice Question

13 x 1 = 13

17.

A jawless fish, which lays eggs in fresh water larvae after ammocoetes and whose metamorphosis return to the ocean is

(a)

Ncomyxine

(b)

Petromyzon

(c)

Eptatretus

(d)

Mvxine

18.

During the life-cycle, Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) infects its intermediate host and primary host at the following larval stages respectively

(a)

redia and miracidium

(b)

cercaria and redia

(c)

metacercaria and cercaria

(d)

miracidium and metacercaria

19.

Cleavage in mammals is

(a)

holoblastic equal

(b)

holoblastic unequal

(c)

superficial

(d)

discoidal

20.

Lichens are well known combination of an alga and a fungus where fungus has

(a)

a saprophytic relationship with the alga

(b)

an epiphytic relationship with the alga

(c)

a parasitic relationship with alga

(d)

a symbiotic relationship with alga.

21.

Selaginella and Salviniaare considered representing a significant step towards evolution of seed habit because ______.

(a)

female gametophyte is free and gets dispersed like seeds

(b)

female gametophyte lacks archegonia

(c)

megaspores possess endosperm and embry surrounded by seed coat

(d)

embryo develops in female gametophyte which is retained on parent sporophyte

22.

In racemose inflorescence, flowers are arranged in _______.

(a)

centrifugal order

(b)

centripetal order

(c)

acropetal order

(d)

basipetal order

23.

Radial symmetry is found in the flowers of _______.

(a)

Cassia

(b)

Trifolium

(c)

Pisum

(d)

Brassica

24.

Go through the statements given below and choose the option with all incorrect statements.
I. Classification is not a single step process, but involves hierarchy of steps in which each step represents a rank or category.
II. Vernacular names are easier to pronounce.
III. Common name ' touch-me-not ' is given to two species, i.e. Nigella and Mimosa.
IV. Vernacular names often have no significance.

(a)

I and II

(b)

Only II

(c)

I, II and II

(d)

Only III

25.

The cells of squamous epithelium are _______.

(a)

flat and scale-like

(b)

polygonal and cuboidal

(c)

polygonal and columnar

(d)

scale-like and cuboidal

26.

Companion cells in anglesperms are associated with _____.

(a)

xylem vessels

(b)

guard cells

(c)

xylem tracheids

(d)

sieve tubes

27.

Roots developed from parts of the embryo other than the radicle are called _______.

(a)

taproots

(b)

fibrous roots

(c)

adventitious roots

(d)

nodular roots

28.

Frog shows which kind of excretion?

(a)

Ammonotelic

(b)

Ureotelic

(c)

Uricotelic

(d)

Ammonotelic in water and ureotelic on land

29.

What is the name of modified root in turnip?

(a)

Prop root

(b)

Tap root

(c)

Tubour

(d)

Pneumatophore

Case Study Questions

2 x 4 = 8

30.

The growth of the roots and stems in length with the help of apical meristem is called the primary growth. Apart from primary growth most dicotyledonous plants exhibit an increase in girth. This increase is called the secondary growth. The tissues involved in secondary growth are the two lateral meristems: vascular cambium and cork cambium.
The meristematic layer that is responsible for cutting off vascular tissues – xylem and phloem – is called vascular cambium. In the young stem it is present in patches as a single layer between the xylem and phloem. Later it forms a complete ring.
In dicot stems, the cells of cambium present between primary xylem and primary phloem is the intrafascicular cambium.The cells of medullary rays, adjoining these intrafascicular cambium become meristematic and form the interfascicular cambium. Thus, a continuous ring of cambium is formed.
The cambial ring becomes active and begins to cut off new cells, both towards the inner and the outer sides. The cells cut off towards pith, mature into secondary xylem and the cells cut off towards periphery mature into secondary phloem. The cambium is generally more active on the inner side than on the outer. As a result, the amount of secondary xylem produced is more than secondary phloem and soon forms a compact mass. The primary and secondary phloems get gradually crushed due to the continued formation and accumulation of secondary xylem. The primary xylem however remains more or less intact, in or around the centre. At some places, the cambium forms a narrow band of parenchyma, which passes through the secondary xylem and the secondary phloem in the radial directions. These are the secondary medullary rays
1.) The cells of cambium present between primary xylem and primary phloem is known as
a.) Interfascicular cambium
b.) Intrafascicular cambium
c.) Primary cambium
d.) Secondary cambium
2.) The cells of medullary rays, adjoining these intrafascicular cambium become meristematic and forms
a.) Interfascicular cambium
b.) Intrafascicular cambium
c.) Primary cambium
d.) Secondary cambium
3.) What is secondary growth?
4.) Define Vascular Cambium.
5.) Enlist the name of tissue involved in secondary growth?

31.

A student observed polluted water bodies. He found green gelatinous organisms which spread the all over the water. He studied some of these organisms under microscope and discussed with his teacher.
(i) What are these green gelatinous organism?
(ii) What is heterocysts?
(ii) Write any two features of the cyanobacteria.
(iv) Write any one similarity between cyanobacteria and plants.
(v) What is the other name of cyanobacteria?

Assertion and reason

3 x 1 = 3

32.

Assertion: Tendon is present in all bone joints.
Reason: Tendon connects the bones together and holds them in position.
Codes:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

33.

Assertion: Wheat is exstipulate.
Reason: Grass is ligulate.
Codes:
A) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
B) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
C) If the assertion is true but the reason is false
D) If both the assertion and reason are false
E) If the assertion is false but reason is true

34.

Assertion : Ampullae of lorenzini are found beneath the skin of head region in fishes.
Reason : Ampullae of lorenzini acts as receptors.
Codes:
A) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
B) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
C) If the assertion is true but the reason is false
D) If both the assertion and reason are false
E) If the assertion is false but reason is true

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Answers Key:

Generic 5

4 x 5 = 20

Chordates	Non-chordates
a. They have a notochord.	a. They never have a notochord.
b. Central nervous system includes a single, dorsal, hollow, nerve cord.	b. Central nervous system includes a double, ventral and solid nerve cord.
c. Heart is ventral; haemoglobin is present in erythrocytes (cells).	c.Heart is dorsal; haemoglobin is dissolved in the plasma and not in cells
d. Pharynx is perforated by gill slits.	d. Gill slits are absent
e. A post-anal tail is present at some stage of the life.	e.A post-anal tail is absent.

Differences between blood and lymph are given below

Blood	Lymph
It contains plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets	It contains plasma and leucocytes
The presence of haemoglobin imparts red colour to it.	It is colourless as haemoglobin is absent.
Its plasma contains more protein, calcium and phosphorus as compared to lymph.	Its plasma has fewer protein and less calcium and phosphorus than blood
Contains moderate amount of CO₂and other metabolic wastes.	Contains excessive amount of CO₂ and other metabolic wastes.

Dicotyledonous Root
Epidermis. The outermost layer is epidermis. Many of the epidermal cells protrude in the form of unicellular root hairs.
Cortex. The cortex consists of several layers of thin-walled parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces.

Endodermis. The innermost layer of the cortex is called endodermis. It comprises a single layer of barrel-shaped cells without any intercellular spaces. The tangential, as well as radial walls of the endodermal cells, have a deposition of water impermeable, waxy material suberin in the form of Casparian strips. Next to endodermis lies a few layers of thick-walled parenchymatous cells referred to as pericycle. Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in these cells. The pith is small or inconspicuous. The parenchymatous cells which lie between the xylem and the phloem are called conjuctive tissue. There are usually two to four xylem and phloem patches. Later, a cambium ring develops between the xylem and phloem. All tissues on the inner side of the endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundles and pith constitute the stele.
Monocotyledonous Root
The anatomy of the monocot root is similar to the dicot root in many respects. It has epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles and pith. As compared to the dicot root which have fewer xylem bundles, there are usually more than six (polyarch) xylem bundles in the monocot root. Pith is large and well developed. Monocotyledonous roots do not undergo any secondary growth.

(i) Common name: Mustard.
(ii) Parts of the name: First part represents the genus or generic name, while the second part represents the specific name.
(iii) They are written in Italics in order to highlight their Latin origin.
(iv) Linn written at the end of the name, is the abbreviation of the name of scientist Linnaeus, who gave the name to the plant.

Generic 2

5 x 2 = 10

(a) Collenchyma
(b) Parenchyma

Oviparous mammal - Duck-billed platypus

Herdmania, Salpa, Doliolum, Ascidia, Oikopleura, etc

Some fungi have evolved essential relationships with the roots of many living plants.
These fungi grow around and into the roots. Both partners benefit so that neither would thrive without the other. This partnership is called mycorrhizal symbiosis.

Generic 3

7 x 3 = 21

10.

(a) Grinding of food particles
(b) Cockroach
(c) Cardiac muscle.

11.

a. Root hairs are very fine, delicate, thread-like extensions of the epidermal cells of the root.
b. They arise from the region of maturation.
c. They increase the area: of absorption of water and minerals.

12.

Phycocolloids are the water-holding colloidal substances, present on the surface of certain algae. e.g., Algin-Phaeophyceae, Carrageen-Rhodophyceae.

13.

Gametophyte	Sporophyte
(i) It is the haploid phase in the life cycle.	(i) It is the diploid phase in the life cycle.
(ii) It reproduces sexually by the formation of gametes and gives rise to the sporophyte.	(ii) It reproduces asexually by the formation of spores and gives rise to the gametophyte.

Alternation of generations is the phenomenon in which the sporophytic phase alternates with the gametophytic phase in the life cycle of a plant; the sporophyte reproduces asexually to form the gametophyte and the gametophyte reproduces sexually to form the sporophyte.

14.

(a) Platyhelminthes are acoelomate, while Aschelminthes are pseudocoelomates. This indicates development of mesoderm.
(b) In Platyhelminthes both sexes are on the same animal, while in Aschelminthes there is segregation of sexes. This shows another point of evolution.

15.

Solanaceae.
⊕♂️ K₅\(\widehat {A_5 C_5 } \)G₂

16.

In animals like annelids, arthropods, molluses, echinoderms and chordates, organs have associated to form functional systems , where each system is concerned with a specific physiological function. This pattern is called organ system level of organisation. Organ systems in different groups of animlas exhibit various patterns of complexities.
For example the digestive system in Platyhelminthes has only a single opening to the outside of the body that serves as both both mouth and anus and is hence called incomplete. A complete digestive system has two separate opening , mouth and anus

Multiple Choice Question

13 x 1 = 13

17.

(b)
Petromyzon

18.

(d)
miracidium and metacercaria

19.

(b)
holoblastic unequal

20.

(d)
a symbiotic relationship with alga.

21.

(d)
embryo develops in female gametophyte which is retained on parent sporophyte

22.

23.

(d)
Brassica

24.

(d)
Only III

25.

(d)
scale-like and cuboidal

26.

(d)
sieve tubes

27.

28.

(b)
Ureotelic

29.

(b)
Tap root

Case Study Questions

2 x 4 = 8

30.

1.) b. Intrafascicular cambium
2.) a.Interfascicular cambium
3.) The growth of the roots and stems in length with the help of apical meristem is called the primary growth. Apart from primary growth plants exhibit an increase in girth. This increase is called the secondary growth.
4.) The meristematic layer that is responsible for cutting off vascular tissues – xylem and phloem – is called vascular cambium. In the young stem it is present in patches as a single layer between the xylem and phloem. Later it forms a complete ring.
5.) The tissues involved in secondary growth are the two lateral meristems: vascular cambium and cork cambium.

31.

(i) Cyanobacteria are generally surrounded by gelatinous sheath. They form blooms in polluted water bodies.
(ii) Some cyanobacteria can fix nitrogen in a specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g. Nostoc.
(iii) Cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial or filamentous, freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae.
(iv) Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll-a similar to green plants.
(v) Due to the presence of chlorophyll-a in cyanobacteria. These are also called photosynthetic autotrophs.

Assertion and reason

3 x 1 = 3

32.

(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Explanation:
It is not tendon but another type of connective tissue called ligament which is present in most of the bone joints and connect the bones together. Ligament also helps in holding the bones in position. Tendon, on the the other hand, is a dense, strong, fibrous connective tissue which forms strong inextensible attachment of a skeletal muscle to a bone

33.

E) If the assertion is false but reason is true
Explanation:
A leaf with stipules is called stipulate while the one without stipules is termed as exstipulate. Wheat has amplexicaul stipules (enclosing stem completely). In grasses an outgrowth is present between leaf base and lamina. It is called ligule. The leaf with ligule is called ligulate.

34.

B) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
Explanation:
The ampullae of Lorenzini are found in clusters on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the head embedded below the skin but opening externally on the surface of the skin. The ampullae of Lorenzini were formerly regarded as neuromast organs but Sand (1938) has proved that these are thermoreceptor organs. The change in the temperature of water is carriedto the brain through the ampullary receptors.