Deficiency of ADH can lead to diminished ability of the kidney to conserve water leading to water loss and dehydration. This disease is known as Diabetes insipidus.

Tetraiodothyronin and Triiodothyronine

Thymus is degenerated in old individuals resulting in a decreased production of thymosins. Due to which the immune responses of old persons become weak.

The fondling by the calf stimulates the release of oxytocin brings about contraction of the smooth muscles of the mammary glands that causes ejection of milk.

The glands, which are asbsent in male are ovaries and which are absent in female are tests.

Oestrogen secreted by granulosa cells of developing ovarian follicle.

It is also known as hyperglycaemia hormone, and its action is opposite to that of insulin Excess of glucose in blood suppress the secretion of glucose. whereas fall in glucose level starts glucose production (since, doctor fend the slight line level of blood glucose)

Cortisol is responsible for the suppression of immune response. Chemically it is a steroid.

Hormones which do not enter the target cells, interact with specific receptors located on the surface of the target cell membarances and generates second messengers (e.g., cAMP) on the inner side of the plasma membrance. The second messenger, in turn, carries out all the hormonal functions.

A trial wall of human heart secreates a peptide hormone called artial natriuretic factor which decreases blood pressure by dilation of the blood vessels.

Excess secretion of growth hormone in adults, especially in middle age can result in severe disfigurement (especially of the face). This is called acromegaly. This can lead to serious complications and even death; if unchecked. The disease is hard to diagnose in the early stages and is frequently missed for many years, until changes in external features become noticeable

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the Ca2+ levels in the blood. PTH acts on bones and stimulates the process of bone resorption (dissolution/ demineralisation). PTH also stimulates reabsorption of Ca²⁺ by the renal tubules and increases Ca²⁺ absorption from the digested food. It is, thus, clear that PTH is a hypercalcemic hormone, i.e., it increases the blood Ca²⁺ levels. Along with TCT, it plays a significant role in calcium balance in the body

Endocrine glands are tubeless glands and their secretion is directly released on the target site. Because of the absence of tubes the hormone is secreted in the gland itself hence the name endocrine gland is given for them.

Hormones of adrenal medulla, adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted in response to any kind of stress, danger and during emergency situations like fall in blood pressure or sugar, increase respiratory rate and heartbeat. CNS at the time of stress or danger. All these conditions need more energy for their action. Thus, because these hormones prepare the body to face stress or danger hence, are called emergency hormones.

The Pituitary Gland. The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called sella tursica and is attached to hypothalamus by a stalk. It is divided anatomically into an adenohypophysis and a neurohypophysis. Adenohypophysis consists of two portions, pars distalis and pars intermedia.
The pars distalis region of pituitary, commonly called anterior pituitary, produces following hormones.
a. Growth hormone (GH). Over-secretion of GH stimulates abnormal growth of the body leading to gigantism and low secretion of GH results in stunted growth resulting in pituitary dwarfism.
b. Prolactin (PRL). Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them
c. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
d. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH).ACTH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones called glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
e. Luteinizing hormone (LH). LH and FSH stimulate gonadal activity and hence are called gonadotrophins. In males, LH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of hormones called androgens from testis. In females, LH induces ovulation of fully mature follicles (graafian follicles) and maintains the corpus luteum, formed from the remnants of the graafian follicles after ovulation.
f. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). In males, FSH and androgens regulate spermatogenesis. FSH stimulates growth and development of the ovarian follicles in females. MSH acts on the melanocytes (melanin containing cells) and regulates pigmentation of the skin.
Pars intermedia secretes only one hormone called melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). However, in humans, the pars intermedia is almost merged with pars distalis.
g. Neurohypophysis (pars nervosa) also known as posterior pituitary, stores and releases two hormones called oxytocin and vasopressin, which are actually synthesised by the hypothalamus and are transported axonally to neurohypophysis. Oxytocin acts on the smooth muscles of our body and stimulates their contraction. In females, it stimulates a vigorous contraction of uterus at the time of child birth, and milk ejection from the mammary gland. Vasopressin acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates re-absorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules and thereby reduces loss of water through urine (diuresis). Hence, it is also called as anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).

The endocrine glands and hormones that are responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis, are thyroid and parathyroid glands and their associated hormones an calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).
(i) Parathyroid glands are the glands developed from the endoderm of the embryo The cells of parathyroid glands are of two types, i.e., chief cells and oxyphil cells. Thr chief cells of the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH).
This hormone (PTH) is involved in regulating calcium and phosphate balance betweer the blood and other tissue. It mobilises the release of calcium into the blood from bones. PTH increases calcium reabsorption by the body organs like intestine anc kidneys.
(ii) Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland located anterior to the thyroid cartilage o. the larynx in the neck. This gland plays a vital role in maintaining calcium homeostasis It releases thyroculcitonin hormone produced by the parafollicular cells, also called 'C cells.
This hormone is secreted when the calcium level in blood gets high. It is a 32 aminc acid peptide hormone that lowers the calcium level by suppressing release of catciurr ions from the bones. Thus, calcitonin has an action opposite to that of the parathyroic hormone on calcium homeostasis.