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Published on: 05/08/2019
Binomial Theorem
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1.
Find the term independent of x in the expansion of \(\left( 2x+\frac { 3 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 9 }\)
2.
The 3rd, 4th and 5th terms in the expansion of (x +a)n are 84, 280 and 560 respectively. Find the values of x, a and n.
3.
In the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, the coefficient of the 5th, 6th and 7th terms are in A.P. Find all values of n for which this can happen.
4.
Find (a + b)5 - (a - b)5. Hence evaluate \(\left( \sqrt { 5 } +\sqrt { 3 } \right) ^{ 5 }+\left( \sqrt { 5 } -\sqrt { 3 } \right) ^{ 5 }\)
5.
Find the coefficient of x6 in the expansion \(\left( x-\frac { { 1 } }{ 6^2 } \right) ^{ 24 }\) .
6.
The coefficients of three consecutive terms in the expansion of (1+x)n .
7.
If the coefficients of x7 and x8in the expansion of \(\left( 3+\frac { x }{ { 2 } } \right) ^{ n }\)
8.
Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of (1-3x+7x2) (1-x)16
9.
Expand \(\left( 102 \right) ^{ 5 }\)
10.
If P and Q are the sum of odd and even terms in the expansion\(\left( y+b \right) ^{ n }\), then prove that\(\left( y+b \right) ^{ 2n }+\left( y-b \right) ^{ 2n }=2\left( { P }^{ 2 }+Q^{ 2 } \right) \).
11.
Find the middle term(s) in the given expansion.
\(\left( \frac { x }{ 3 } +9y \right) ^{ 10 }\)
12.
Expand \(\left( \frac { 2x }{ 3 } -\frac { 3 }{ 2x } \right) ^{ 4 }\)
Use \(\left( { a-b } \right) ^{ n }=^{ n }{ C }_{ o }{ a }^{ n }-^{ n }{ C }_{ 1 }{ a }^{ n-1 }b+^{ n }{ C }_{ 2 }{ a }^{ n-2 }{ b }^{ 2 }+..+(-1)^{ n }\quad ^{ n }{ C }_{ n }{ b }^{ n }\)
13.
Simplify the following expression
\({ \left( y+\frac { 1 }{ y } \right) }^{ 6 }-{ \left( y-\frac { 1 }{ y } \right) }^{ 6 }\)
14.
Find (a + b)4 - (a - b)4. Hence, evaluate \({ \left( \sqrt { 3 } +\sqrt { 2 } \right) }^{ 4 }-{ \left( \sqrt { 3 } -\sqrt { 2 } \right) }^{ 4 }\)
15.
Evaluate the following terms. General term in the expansion of (3x2 + 4y)10 .
16.
Constant term in the expansion of \(\left( x-\frac { 1 }{ x } \right) ^{ 14 }\) _____.
3032
3432
5042
-3442
17.
The coefficient of x5y8 in the expansion of (x + y)13 is _____.
13C5
13C8
8C5
None of the these
18.
The middle term in the expansion of \(\left( \frac { { 2x }^{ 2 } }{ 3 } +\frac { 3 }{ { 2x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 10 }\)is _____.
240
280
262
252
19.
If in the expansion of (1 +x)n, the coefficients of fifth, sixth and seventh terms are inA.P. then n is equal to _____.
5,7
7,16
7,14
8,15
20.
If in the expansion of (a + b)n and (a + b)n + 3, the ratio of the coefficients of second and third terms and third and fourth terms respectively are equal then n is _____.
2
8
5
none of these
21.
The coefficient of (m + 1) th term in the expansion of (1 +x)2n is equal to the coefficient of (m + 3)th term. Show that m + 1 = n.
22.
In the expansion of (x + a)n, sums of odd and even terms are P and Q respectively, Prove that
(i) 2 (P2 + Q2) = (x + a)2n + (x - a)2n
(ii) p2 - Q2 = (x2 - a2)n
23.
Find the middle terms in the expansion of \(\left( 2x-\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 9 }\)
1.
Comparing \(\left( 2x+\frac { 3 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 9 }\)with (a+ b)n,
we have
a = 2x, b = \(\frac { 3 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \) and n = 9
We know that
Tr+ 1 = nCran-r br
∴ Tr+1 = 9Cr (2x)9-r\((\frac { 3 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } )^r\)
= 9Cr(2)9-r (3)rx9-3r
Now 9 - 3r = 0 ⇒ 3r = 9 ⇒ r = 3
Thus T3+ 1 i.e. T4 is the term independent of x, which is equal to 9C3(2)6(3)3=19736
2.
n = 7, a = 2, x = 1
3.
7, 14
4.
2(5a4b + 10a2b3 + b5); 568\(\sqrt3\)
5.
Comparing \(\left( x-\frac { { 1 } }{ 6^2 } \right) ^{ 24 }\)with(a+b)n,
we have
a = x, b =\(\left( -\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) \)and n=24
We know that
Tr+1=nCran-rbr
\(\therefore \) Tr+1=24Crx24-r .\(\left( -\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^r\)
Now 24 -3r=6
\(\Rightarrow \)3r = 24 - 6 \(\Rightarrow \) r = 6
\(\therefore \) Coefficient of x6 = 24C6(- 1)6
= 24C6=\(\frac { 24! }{ 18!6! } \)
6.
10
7.
55
8.
\((1-3x+7x^{ 2 })(1-x)^{ 16 }\)
\(=(1-3x+7x^{ 2 })({ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 0 }-{ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 1 }x+{ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 2 }x^{ 2 }+...)\)
\(=({ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 0 }-{ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 1 }x+{ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 2 }x^{ 2 }\quad -....)-3x({ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 0 }-{ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 1 }x+...)+7x^{ 2 }({ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 0 }-{ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 1 }x+...)\)
Here, the term containing x is
\({ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 1 }x-3{ ^{ 16 }C }_{ 0 }x=-16x-3x\)
\(\therefore \) Coefficient of x=-16-3=-19
Ans: -19
9.
We have, \(\left( 102 \right) ^{ 5 }=\left( 100+2 \right) ^{ 5 }\)
\(=^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 0 }\left( 100 \right) ^{ 5 }+^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 1 }\left( 100 \right) ^{ 4 }\left( 2 \right) ^{ 1 }+^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 2 }\left( 100 \right) ^{ 3 }\left( 2 \right) ^{ 2 }+^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 3 }\left( 100 \right) ^{ 2 }\left( 2 \right) ^{ 3 }+^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 4 }\left( 100 \right) \left( 2 \right) ^{ 4 }+^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 5 }\left( 2 \right) ^{ 5 }\)
\(=^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 0 }\left( 10 \right) ^{ 10 }+^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 1 }\left( 10 \right) ^{ 8 }2+^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 2 }\left( 10 \right) ^{ 6 }\times 4+^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 2 }\left( 10 \right) ^{ 4 }\times 8+^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 1 }\left( 10 \right) ^{ 2 }\times 16+^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 2 }\times 32\)
\(=1\times { 10 }^{ 10 }+5\times { 10 }^{ 8 }\times 2+\frac { 5\times 4 }{ 2 } \times { 10 }^{ 6 }\times 4+\frac { 5\times 4 }{ 2 } \times { 10 }^{ 4 }\times 8+5\times 100\times 16+32\)
= 10000000000+1000000000+40000000+800000+8000+32
= 11040808032
10.
\(\left( y+b \right) ^{ n }=^{ n }{ { C }_{ 0 }{ y }^{ n } }+^{ n }{ { C }_{ 1 }{ y }^{ n-1 }b+^{ n }{ { C }_{ 2 }{ y }^{ n-2 }{ b }^{ 2 }+.... } }+^{ n }{ { C }_{ n }{ b }^{ n } }\)
\(=P+Q\) .....(i)
\( \left( y-b \right) ^{ n }=^{ n }{ { C }_{ 0 }{ y }^{ n } }-^{ n }{ { C }_{ 1 }{ y }^{ n-1 }b+^{ n }{ { C }_{ 2 }{ y }^{ n-2 }{ b }^{ 2 }-...... } }+^{ n }{ { C }_{ n }{ b }^{ n } }\)
\(=P+Q\) ...(ii)
Squaring Eqs. (i) and (ii) then adding, we get
\(\left( y+b \right) ^{ 2n }+\left( y-b \right) ^{ 2n }={ \left( P+Q \right) }^{ 2 }+{ \left( P-Q \right) }^{ 2 }\)
\(={ P }^{ 2 }+Q^{ 2 }+2PQ+{ P }^{ 2 }+Q^{ 2 }-2PQ=2\left( { P }^{ 2 }+Q^{ 2 } \right) \)
11.
Here, n=10 (even) So there will be one one middle term i.e.\(\left( \frac { 10+2 }{ 2 } \right) \) th term or 6th term
T6=T5+1 =10C5 \(\left( \frac { x }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 10-5 }\)(9y)5 =61236 x5y5
12.
We have, \(\left( \frac { 2x }{ 3 } -\frac { 3 }{ 2x } \right) ^{ 4 }=^{ 4 }{ C }_{ o }\left( \frac { 2x }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 4 }-^{ 4 }{ C }_{ 1 }\left( \frac { 2x }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 3 }\left( \frac { 3 }{ 2x } \right) +^{ 4 }{ C }_{ 2 }\left( \frac { 2x }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 2 }\left( \frac { 3 }{ 2x } \right) ^{ 2 }-^{ 4 }{ C }_{ 3 }\left( \frac { 2x }{ 3 } \right) \left( \frac { 3 }{ 2x } \right) ^{ 3 }+^{ 4 }{ C }_{ 4 }\left( \frac { 3 }{ 2x } \right) ^{ 4 }\)
\(=1\times \frac { { 16x }^{ 4 } }{ 81 } -4\times \frac { { 8x }^{ 3 } }{ 27 } \left( \frac { 3 }{ 2x } \right) +6.\frac { { 4x }^{ 2 } }{ 9 } \left( \frac { 9 }{ { 4x }^{ 2 } } \right) -4\left( \frac { 2x }{ 3 } \right) \left( \frac { 27 }{ { 8x }^{ 3 } } \right) +1\times \left( \frac { 8 }{ 16x^{ 4 } } \right) \)
\(\left[ \because \ ^{ 4 }{ C }_{ o }=^{ 4 }{ C }_{ 4 }=1,^{ 4 }{ C }_{ 3 }=^{ 4 }{ C }_{ 1 }=4\quad and\quad ^{ 4 }{ C }_{ 2 }=\frac { 4! }{ 2!2! } =\frac { 4\times 3\times 2! }{ 2\times 1\times 2! } =6 \right] \)
\(\frac { 16 }{ 81 } { x }^{ 4 }-\frac { 16 }{ 9 } { x }^{ 2 }+6-\frac { 9 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } +\frac { 81 }{ { 16x }^{ 4 } } \)
13.
\({ \left( y+\frac { 1 }{ y } \right) }^{ 6 }-{ \left( y-\frac { 1 }{ y } \right) }^{ 6 }=2\)
\( \left[ ^{ 6 }{ { C }_{ 1 }{ y }^{ 6-1 } }{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ y } \right) }^{ 1 }+^{ 6 }{ { C }_{ 3 }{ y }^{ 6-3 } }{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ y } \right) }^{ 3 }+^{ 6 }{ { C }_{ 5 }{ y }^{ 6-5 } }{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ y } \right) }^{ 5 } \right] \)
\(=2\left[ 6{ y }^{ 5 }.\frac { 1 }{ y } +20{ y }^{ 3 }.\frac { 1 }{ { y }^{ 3 } } +6y.\frac { 1 }{ { y }^{ 5 } } \right] =12\left( { y }^{ 4 }+\frac { 1 }{ { y }^{ 4 } } +\frac { 10 }{ 3 } \right) \)
14.
\({ \left( a+b \right) }^{ 4 }-{ \left( a-b \right) }^{ 4 }=2\left[ ^{ 4 }{ { C }_{ 1 }{ a }^{ 3 }b^{ 1 }+^{ 4 }{ { C }_{ 3 }{ ab }^{ 3 } } } \right] \)
\(=2\left[ { 4{ a }^{ 3 }b^{ 1 }+4{ { ab }^{ 3 } } } \right] \)
\(=8\left( { a }^{ 3 }b+{ { ab }^{ 3 } } \right) \)
Put \(a=\sqrt { 3 } ,b=\sqrt { 2 }\) to get the required answer.
15.
The general term in the expansion of (3x2+4y)10 is
\({ T }_{ r+1 }=^{ 10 }{ C }_{ r }(3{ x }^{ 2 })^{ 10-r }(4y)^{ r }[\because { T }_{ r+1 }=^{ n }{ C }_{ r }{ a }^{ n-r }{ b }^{ r }]\)
\(=^{ 10 }{ C }_{ r }\times { 3 }^{ 10-r }\times { 4 }^{ r }\times { x }^{ 20-2r }{ y }^{ r }\)
16.
(d)
-3442
17.
(a)
13C5
18.
(d)
252
19.
(b)
7,16
20.
(c)
5
21.
We have (1 + x)2n
∴Tm+1=2nCm(x)m
∴ Coefficient of (m + 1)th term = 2nCm
Also Tm+3 = 2nCm+2 (x)m + 2
∴ Coefficient of (m + 3)th term = 2nCm + 2
It is given that
2nCm =2nCm+2
∴ m + (m + 2) = 2n
⇒ 2m + 2 = 2n
⇒ m+ 1= n.
22.
Here (x + c)n
=nC0 xn+nc1 xn-1a+nC2 xn-2a2 +... +nCnan
= P + Q....(i)
where P= nC0 xn + nC2 xn-2a2 + ...
Q=nC1 xn - 1a + nC3 xn- 3 a3 + ...
Also (x-a)n
nC0 xn - nC1 xn - 1a + nC2 xn-2a2 +...+(-1)n nCnan
=P - Q....(ii)
(i) Squaring and adding (i) and (ii), we have
(x + a)2n + (x - a)2n = (P + Q)2 + (P - Q)2
= P2 + Q2 + 2PQ + p2 +Q2-2PQ
= 2P2+ 2Q2 =2 (P2+ Q2)
(ii)Multiplying (i) and (ii), we have
(x + a)n (x - a)n = (P + Q) (P - Q)
(x2-a2)n = P2- Q2.
23.
Here n = 9 which is odd
So the middle terms are \(\left( \frac { 9+1 }{ 2 } \right) and\left( \frac { 79+1 }{ 2 } +1 \right) \) th i.e. 5th and 6th terms.
The general term in the expansion of \(\left( 2x-\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) \)is
\({ T }_{ r+1 }=^{ 9 }{ C }_{ r }(2x)^{ a-r }\left( -\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 4 }\)
Putting r = 4 and 5 in (i)
\({ T }_{ 5 }=^{ 9 }{ C }_{ 4 }(2x)^{ 9-4 }\left( -\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 4 }=^{ 9 }{ C }_{ 4 }(2x)^{ 5 }(-1)^{ 4 }\left( \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 4 }\)
\(=\frac { 9! }{ 4!5! } \times 32{ x }^{ 5 }\times \frac { { x }^{ 8 } }{ 1296 } =\frac { 9\times 8\times 7\times 6 }{ 4\times 3\times 2\times 1 } \times 32{ x }^{ 5 }\times \frac { { x }^{ 8 } }{ 1296 } =\frac { 28 }{ 9 } x^{ 13 }\)
\({ T }_{ 6 }=^{ 9 }{ C }_{ 5 }(2x)^{ 9-5 }\left( -\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 5 }=^{ 9 }{ C }_{ 5 }(2x)^{ 4 }(-1)^{ 5 }\left( \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 5 }\)
\(=\frac { 9! }{ 5!4! } \times 16{ x }^{ 4 }\times \frac { { x }^{ 10 } }{ 7776 } =-\frac { 7 }{ 27 } { x }^{ 14 }\)
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