Curved roads are generally banked so as to help in providing centripetal force needed to balance the centrifugal force, arising due to circular motion on the curved road.

A stone gains lesser momentum compared to a bullet. Window pane can create enough resistance to the stone, and not to the bullet.

Nuclear forces have the shortest range and gravitational forces have the longest range.

The statement is correct. It is in accordance with Newton's second law of motion.

The force of friction between the road and the tyres of car.

Newton's third law of motion

(i) Apparent weight = m (g + a)
(ii) Apparent weight = m (g - a).

The angle is 180°, because force of friction always opposes the relative motion.

Running provides greater momentum which helps in jumping through a longer distance.

The ball comes with large momentum after being hit by the batsman. When the player takes catch it causes large impulse on his palms which may hurt the cricketer. When he moves his hands backward the time of contact of ball and hand is increased so the force is reduced.

The passengers in a speeding bus have inertia of motion. When the bus is suddenly stopped the passengers are thrown forward due to this inertia of motion.

Given, m = 2 kg, u = 2ms^-1,\(\mu \) = 0.2
Force of friction, F  \(= \mu R\)
\( F=\ \mu mg\ \ \left[ \because R\ =mg \right] \)
\(F=\quad 0.2\times 2\times 9.8\)
\( F=\ 3.92Nx = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}\)
Distance moved per second s = ut
s = \(2\times 1=2\)
Work done by friction per second, W = Fs
W = 3.92\(\times\)2 = 7.84 J
Heat produced,    \(H=\frac { W }{ J } \Rightarrow \quad H=\frac { 7.84 }{ 4.2 } \)
H = 1.87 cal

25.6 m/s

Given, mass, m = 72.2 kg
Gravity acceleration, g = 9.8 m/s² 
Scale reading = apparent weight = R = ?
(i)  While descending with constant velocity, a = 0
\(\therefore \)    R =  mg
R = 72.2 x 9.8
\(\Longrightarrow \)  R = 707.56 N
(ii)  While ascending with a = 3.2 m/s² 
R = m ( g + a )
R = 72.2 ( 9.8 + 3.2 ) = 938.6 N

Porcelain objects are wrapped in paper or straw before packing to reduce  the chances during transportation. During transportation  sudden jerks or even fall can take place. Forces are created at the point of collision and the force takes longer time to reach the porcelain objects through paper or straw for same change in momentum as  F = \({ \Delta p }/{ \Delta t }\) and therefore a lesser force acts on object.