The vascular plants dominated land due to the following features (any two)
(i) Presence of deep, penetrating and widespread roots which anchor the plants and also absorb water and minerals.
(ii) Covering of aerial parts with waterproof material like cutin.
(iii) Mechanical tissues are present to allow them to rise to great heights.

Mosses are widely distributed from the Arctic through the tropics to parts of Antarctica. The gametophytic plant body is with leafy axis and shows a radial symmetry. The rhizoid are multicellular, branched and have oblique septa. Sex organs, i.e., antheridia and archegonia are usually borne in groups at the apices of reproductive branches. The sporophyte is usually differentiated into foot, seta and capsule.

The characters used in natural system of classification are morphology, anatomy, reproduction, cell structure, behaviour and biochemistry. The similarity in large number of characters show kinship.
Examples 
(i) Monocotyledons have one cotyledon in their seeds and their leaves have parallel ventation.
(ii) Dicotyledons have two cotyledons in their seeds and their leaves have reticulate venation.

Azolla is a water fern, having a symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena. It is introduced into paddy fields to function as biofertiliser.

In liverworts, the plant body is thalloid, eg., Marchantia. The thallus is dorsiventral and closely appressed to the substrate.
In mosses, the predominant stage is the gametophyte.
It has two phases
(i) Protonema stage which develops directly from a spore.
(ii) Leafy stage which develops from the secondary protonema as a leaf bud.

Kingdom - Plantae includes multicellular eukaryotic organisms with the photosynthetic mode of nutrition, cell wall cellulose and plastids containing starch as the main reserve food.

In Whittaker's classification algae are grouped in three Kingdoms
(i) Monera (blue- green algae)
(ii) Protista (dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglenoids)
(iii) Plantae (red algae, brown algae, and green algae)

Kingdom - Plantae includes unicellular members of green algae e.g., Chlamydomonas Chlorella

Flowering plants are placed in ascending series related to their complexity of floral morphology

It indicates the possible origin of diffferent organisms.

Seed lie naked or  exposed on the surface of megasporophyll

Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms bear distinct archegonia. In angiosperms the archegonia is reduced to just a few cells so the term is not used in case of angiosperms
Life Cycle of Gymnosperms
Reproduction : The gymnosperms are heterosporous; they produce haploid microspores and megaspores. The two kinds of spores are produced within sporangia that are borne on sporophylls which are arranged spirally along an axis to form lax or compact strobili or cones.
Male Gamete : The strobili bearing microsporophylls and microsporangia are called microsporangiate or male strobili. The microspores develop into a male gametophytic generation which is highly reduced and is confined to only a limited number of cells. This reduced gametophyte is called a pollen gain .
Female Gamete : The cones bearing megasporophylls with ovules or megasporangia are called macrosporangiate or female strobili. The male or female cones or strobili may be borne on the same tree (Pinus) or on different trees (Cycas). The megaspore mother cell is differentiated from one of the cells of the nucellus. The nucellus is protected by envelopes and the composite structure is called an ovule. The ovules are borne on megasporophylls which may be clustered to form the female cones. The megaspore mother cell divides meiotically to form four megaspores. One of the megaspores enclosed within the megasporangium (nucellus) develops into a multicellular female gametophyte that bears two or more archegonia or female sex organs. The multicellular female gametophyte is also retained within megasporangium.
Fertilization : The pollen grain is released from the microsporangium. They are carried in air currents and come in contact with the opening of the ovules borne on megasporophylls. The pollen tube, carrying the male gametes grows towards archegonia in the ovules and discharge its contents near the mouth of the archegonia. Following fertilisation, zygote develops into an embryo and the ovules into seeds.

Horticulturists are interested in Ginkgo as it has natural immunity to several plant diseases.
Important features are as follow
i)The plant is a tall tree of upto 30 m height.
ii) Leaves - shaped.
iii) Leaves have furcate venation.
iv) Dwarf shoots of female plant bear distinct megasporangiate structures.
v) Endosperm of roasted seed is edible 
Horticulturists prefer to grow only male plants,as female plant give unpleasant smell.