Warehousing refers to holding or keeping of goods from the time of their production or purchase until they are sold or consumed. It removes time gap between production and consumption and thereby creates time utility. In addition to providing services of storage, warehouse also provides logistical service in a cost-effective manner.
Functions of Warehouses:
(a) Consolidation: There are certain goods which are produced in small quantities but are sold to consumers in bulk quantity. Such goods need consolidation. Warehouses receive goods in small quantities from different producers and dispatch them to consumers in bulk.
(b) Break the Bulk: This function is just opposite of consolidation. Under it, the warehouse receives the quantity in bulk from the producers and sells them in small quantities to consumer. These small quantities are then sold to customers according to their requirements.
(c) Stock Piling: Usually there is a time gap between production and consumption of goods. Warehouse fills this gap. It stores those goods which are in surplus i.e., whose supply is more than their demand. When demand exceeds supply, it makes goods available from its own stock.
(d) Value Added Services: Warehouses also provide some value added services like transit mixing, packaging and labelling.
(e) Price Stabilization: Warehouses help to equalize demand and supply and thereby stabilize the prices.
(f) Financing: Warehouse owners advance money to owners of goods on the security of these goods and they also provide these goods on credit to customers.

The principles of insurance are explained below:
1. Principle of Utmost Good Faith:
 Under this insurance, contract both the parties should have faith over each other. As a client it is the duty of the insured to disclose all the facts to the insurance company. Any fraud or misrepresentation of facts can result into cancellation of the contract.
2. Principle of Insurable interest:
(i) Under this principle of insurance, the insured must have interest in the subject matter of the insurance. Absence of insurance makes the contract null and void. If there is no insurable interest, an insurance company will not issue a policy.
(ii) An insurable interest must exist at the time of the purchase of the insurance. For example, a creditor has an insurable interest in the life of a debtor, A person is considered to have an unlimited interest in the life of their spouse etc.
3. Principle of Indemnity:
(i) Indemnity means security or compensation against loss or damage. The principle of indemnity is such a principle of insurance stating that an insured person may not be compensated by the insurance company in an amount exceeding the insured's economic loss.
(ii) In this type of insurance the insured would be provided compensation with the amount equivalent to the actual loss and not the amount exceeding the loss.
(iii) This is a regulatory principle. This principle is observed more strictly in property insurance than in life insurance.
(iv) The purpose of this principle is to set back the insured to the same financial position that existed before the loss or damage occurred.
4. Principle of Subrogation:
The principle of subrogation enables the insured to claim the amount from the third party responsible for the loss. It allows the insurer to pursue legal methods to recover the amount of loss. For example, if you get injured in a road accident, due to reckless driving of a third party, the insurance company will compensate your loss and will also sue the third party to recover the money paid as claim.
5. Principle of Contribution:
If the same subject matter, except life is insured by more than one insurers, then the actual loss will be shared by all the insurers.
6. Principle of Mitigation:
If means that the insured should try to minimise the loss of the subject matter of the insurer even if it is insured.
7. Principle of Proximate Cause:
Proximate cause literally means the 'nearest cause' or 'direct cause'. This principle is applicable when the loss is the result of two or more causes. The proximate cause means; the most dominant and most effective cause of loss is considered. This principle is applicable when there are series of causes of damage or loss.

Various telecom services available for enhancing business are as follows:
(a) Cellular Mobile Services: These companies provide all types of telecom services like voice and non-voice messages, data services, PCO connectivity etc.
(b) Radio Paging Services: It is one way information broadcasting solution and has spread its reach to a large area. It includes services including tone only, numeric only and alpha/numeric only.
(c) Fixed Line Services: These services utilise any type of network equipment connected through fibre optic cable laid across the length and breadth of the country.
(d) Cable Services: These are linkages and switched services within a license area of operation to operate media services.
(e) VSAT Services: VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal. It is a satellite based communication service which is highly flexible and reliable communication solution in urban as well as rural areas. It is being used for tele-medicine, newspaper online, tele-education, online trading, e-banking etc.
(f) DTH Services: DTH stands for Direct to Home. It is also a satellite-based service provide by cellular companies which allows one to receive media services through a satellite with the help of a small dish antenna and a set up box.

E-banking is a service provided by many banks, in which a customer is allowed to conduct banking transactions through internet. It includes ATMs, credit cards, debit cards, mobile banking and internet banking.
Advantages of e-banking
1. To Banks
(a) It provides competitive advantage to a bank.
(b) Load on different branches gets considerably reduced due to centralised data base.
(c) Banking network is no more limited to the number of branches. It expands far and wide due to facility of internet banking.
2. To Customers
(a) It provides 24 hours, 365 days a year service to the consumers.
(b) It can be used at any place and at anytime even while travelling.
(c) It reduces risk and ensures greater security.
(d) It increases financial discipline by keeping record of each and every transaction.
(e) Availability of banking facility at anytime and anywhere increases satisfaction of the consumers.

A good is a physical product which can be delivered to a buyer and involves the ownership from seller to customer. For example; mobile phone, book, purse etc. Services are those separately identifiable, essentially intangible activities which provide satisfaction of wants, and are not necessarily linked to the sale of a product or another service. For example, communication services, teaching services, legal services etc.

Primary warehousing services include the following:
1. Consolidation: Warehouse receives and consolidates goods from different production stations and dispatches it to customer on a single transportation shipment.
2. Break the Bulk: Warehouse breaks the bulk received according to the requirements of the client.
3. Stockpiling: The next function of warehousing is the seasonal storage of goods to select business.
Secondary Functions of a Warehouse:
1. Protection of goods: A warehouse provides protection to goods from loss or damage due to heat, dust, wind and moisture, etc. It makes special arrangements for different products according to their nature. It cuts down losses due to spoilage and wastage during storage.
2. Risk-bearing: Warehouses take over the risks incidental to storage of goods. Once goods are handed over to the warehousekeeper for storage, the responsibility of, these goods passes on to the warehousekeeper. Thus, the risk of loss or damage to goods in storage is borne by the warehouse keeper. Since it is bound to return the goods in good condition, the warehouse becomes responsible for any loss, theft or damage etc. thus, it takes all precautions to prevent any mishap.
3. Financing: When goods are deposited in any warehouse, the depositor gets a receipt, which acts as a proof about the deposit of goods. The warehouses can also issue a document in favour of the owner of the goods, which is called warehouse-keeper's warrant. This warrant is a document of title and can be transferred by simple endorsement and delivery. So while the goods are in custody of the warehouse-keeper, the businessmen can obtain loans from banks and other financial institutions keeping this warrant as security. In some cases, warehouses also give advances of money to the depositors for a short period keeping their goods as security.
4. Processing: Certain commodities are not consumed in the form they are produced. Processing is required to make them consumable. For example, paddy is polished, timber is seasoned, and fruits are ripened, etc. Sometimes warehouses also undertake these activities on behalf of the owners.
5. Grading and branding: On request warehouses also perform the functions of grading and branding of goods on behalf of the manufacturer, wholesaler or the importer of goods. It also provides facilities for mixing, blending and packaging of goods for the convenience of handling and sale.

Indian Post and Telegraph Department provides various postal services all over India. India has been divided into 22 postal circles for this. There are 1,54,149 post offices in India. It has 5,64,701 letter boxes, which transmits 1575 crore mails every year. 5,01,716 villages have a public telephone and 26000 post offices are connected through the network. It links major 97 countries across the world. It provides speedpost facility for over 1000 destinations in India.
Facilities of postal department are broadly divided into:
(a) Financial Facilities: Post and Telegraph Department provides financial services using post office's saving schemes like Public Provident Fund, Kisan Vikas Patra, National savings Certificate, normal retail banking functions of monthly income schemes, recurring deposit account, savings account, time deposits and money order facility etc.
(b) Mail Facilities: It consists of parcel facilities which consists of transmission of articles from one place to another which can be registered and insured. It also provides facilities for greeting post, (a range of delightful greeting card on all occasions) and Media Post (a way for Indian corporate to advertise their brands through aerograms, telegrams and letterboxes).
(c) International Money Transfers: It enables money transfer from 185 countries in collaboration with Western Union Money Transfer.
(d) Passport Facilities: It has joint hands with Ministry of External Affairs and accepts application for passport.
(e) Speed Post: It has more than 1000 destinations in India. It covers 97 major countries of the world.
(f) E-Bill Post: It is the latest addition in facilities by Indian Post whereby it collects bill payment across the counter for BSNL and Bharti Airtel.