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Published on: 30/09/2019
Some Basic Concept of Chemistry
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1.
Commercially available sulphric acid contains 93% acid by mass and has density of 1.84 gm-1.Calculate volume of concentrated acid required to prepare 2.5 L to 0.50 M H2SO4
2.
Perform the following calculation to proper number of significant figures.
(a) 108/7.2
(b) (1.6 ×102)2
(c) (1.0042 - 0.0034) (1.23)
3.
Express the following in the scientific notation
(9.87 x 10-3 - 2.26 x 10-4)
4.
Express the following in the scientific notation
(4.56 x 103 + 2.62 x 102)
5.
Convert the following into basic units
25365 mg.
6.
A measured temperature on Fahrenheit scale is 200o F. What will this reading be on Celsius scale?
7.
At what temperature will both the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales read the same value ?
8.
Commercially available sulphric acid contains 93% acid by mass and has density of 1.84 gm-1.Calculate the molarity of the solution
1.
The molar mass of a substance can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of all the atoms present in the atom.
1. H atomic mass =1
2. (S) atomic mass =32
3. O atomic mass =16
\(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4\) molar mass can be calculated by adding atomic masses of Hydrogen, Sulfur, and Oxygen = 2 x mass of H atom + mass of S atom +4 x mass of O atom =2 \times 1+32+4 \times 16=98
Hence, the molar mass of \(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4\) is 98 g.
2.
(a) Steps:
108 Ã⋅7.2 = 14.5833
Three S.F. Two S.F.
Here answer should have two significant figures. Therefore, correct answer, after rounding off two significant figures is 15.
(b) Steps: 2 x 1.6 x 102
2 x 163.2 = 326.4 = 300
(c) Steps: (1.0042 - 0.0034) x 1.23
1.0008 x 1.23 = 1.230984
= 1.23
3.
(9.87 x 10-3 - 2.26 x 10-4)
= 9.87 x 10-3 - 0.226 x 10-3 = (9.87 - 0.226) x 10-3
= 9.644 x 10-3
4.
(4.56 x 103 + 2.62 x 102)
= 45.6 x 102 + 2.62 x 102 = (45.6 + 2.62) x 102
= 48.22 x 102 = 4.822 x 103
5.
The basic units for length is meter (m), for time is second(s) and for mass is kilogram (kg).
\(25365mg\times \frac { 1g }{ 1000mg } \times \frac { 1kg }{ 1000g } =2.5365\times { 10 }^{ -2 }kg\)
6.
There are three common scales to measure temperature oC (degree celsius), oF(degree Fahrenheit) and K (kelvin). The K is the SI unit.
The temperature on two scales are related to each other by the following relationship \(^{ 0 }F=\frac { 9 }{ 5 } t^{ 0 }C+32\)
Putting the values in above equation.
\(200-32=\frac { 9 }{ 5 } t^{ 0 }C\Rightarrow \frac { 9 }{ 5 } t^{ 0 }C=168\)
\(\Rightarrow \ t^{ 0 }C=\frac { 168\times 5 }{ 9 } =93.3^{ 0 }C\)
7.
Suppose both read the same value as x.
Then as \(^{ 0 }C=\frac { 5 }{ 9 } (^{ 0 }F-32)\)
\(\therefore \) x = 5/9 ( x - 32 ) or 9x = 5x - 160
or 4x = - 160 or x = -40o.
8.
OK, assuming it is 93% by mass then we should work with 100 g of solution a 93% by mass solution will have 93 g of H2SO4 and 7 g of H2O
moles H2SO4 = mass / molar mass = 93 g / 98.086 g/mol = 0.948148 moles
mass H2O = 7 g = 0.007 kg
molality = moles solute / kg solvent
= 0.948148 mol / 0.007 kg
= 135 m ~ 140 m (2 sig figs)
Now
total volume of 100 g of solution = mass / density
= 100 g / 1.84 g/ml
= 54.35 ml
= 0.05435 L
molarity = moles solute / litres solution
= 0.98148 mol / 0.05435 L
= 18 M
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