Our atmosphere has five different layers. They are:
(i) Troposphere,
(ii) Stratosphere,
(iii) Mesosphere,
(iv) Thermosphere,
(v) Exosphere.
(i) Troposphere : It is most important layer of the atmosphere with average height of 13 km from the earth. The air that we breathe exists here. Almost all the weather phenomena such as rainfall, fog and hailstorm occur here.
(ii) Stratosphere : This layer extends up to a height of 50 km. It presents the most ideal conditions for flying aeroplanes. It contains a layer of ozone gas which protects us from harmful effects of the sun rays.
(iii) Mesosphere : This layer extends up to a height of 80 km. Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space.
(iv) Thermosphere: In this layer temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height. Ionosphere is the part of this layer. This layer extends between 80- 400km. It helps in radio transmission. Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer.

(v) Exosphere: It is the uppermost layer where there is very thin air. Light gases such as helium and hydrogen float into the space from here.

This photograph shows a power loom in one such home. The weavers and their families spend long hours working on these looms.
Most weaving units have about 2-8 powerlooms on which the yarn is woven into cloth. A variety of sarees, towels, shirting, ladies dress material and bedsheets are produced in these looms.

Slogan for the poster is - The Power of Women

One of the significant reasons for continuance of discrimination is that attitudes change very slowly. Even though persons are aware that discrimination is against the law, they continue to treat people unequally on the basis of their caste, religion, disability, economic status and sex.
It is only when people begin to believe that no one is inferior and that every person deserves to be treated with dignity that attitude will change. Establishing equality in a democratic society is a continuous struggle and it is required for individuals and various communities to come together to remove inequality.

The city of Masulipatnam was centre of intense activity during the 17th century. Both the Dutch and the English East India Companies attempted to control this city as it became the most important port on the Andhra coast. Qutb Shahi rulers of Golconda imposed royal monopolies on the sale of textiles, spices and other items in order to prevent the trade passing into the hands of various East India Companies.
This led to a fierce competition among various trading groups like the Golconda nobles, Persian merchants, Telugu, Komati, Chettis and European traders. As a result, the city became populous and prosperous. 

Gates were opened to irrigate land and closed to store water for future use.

King Dhangadeva of the Chandela dynasty in 999 constructed the Kandariya Mahadeva temple dedicated to Shiva. The temple had an ornamented gateway that led to an entrance. There was a main hall known as Mahamandapa where dances are performed. The statue of the main deity was kept in the main shrine known as garbhagriha. This was the place for ritual worship where only the king, his immediate family members and priests gathered before the deity.

It is an attempt by the Catholic Church to limit warfare between feudal lords. Not to fight among themselves was the motto. Knights were used to pacify one against the other.

The Impex garment factory employs 70 workers. Most of them are women, employed as helpers for buttoning, thread cutting, ironing and packaging.
The workers are employed on temporary basis and their wages are fixed according to their skills. Tailor is the highest paid worker.

Salima was excited about the summer camp.

The major teachings of Guru Nanak were
1.Guru Nanak emphasised the importance of the worship of one God. He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation.
2.He also used the term nam, dan and isnan for the essence of his teachings, which actually meant right worship, welfare of others and purity of conduct.
3.He gave importance to right belief and worship, honest living and helping others.
4.He promoted the idea of equality.

One of the most common form of inequality in lndia is caste system. In rural India, caste identity is something that one experiences at young age whereas in urban India, one may think that nobody believes in caste system but matrimonial reveal the truth that caste system still continues to be in minds of highly educated urban Indians

Opposition Opposition are the elected members but have not attained majority.

The answer map isgiven below

The rainforests are depleting because of developmental activities which destroy the biological diversity of rainforests through deforestation and hunting.

Limestone is a sedimentary rock. It changes into marble which is a metamorphic rock under great heat and pressure.

The names of languages which changed over time are as follows
Lahori : Punjabi
Telangani : Telugu
Gujari : Gujarati
Mabari : Tamil
Gauri : Bengali
Hindawi : Hindi

The media is far from independent due to certain reasons:
(i) The government has a control over media:
Due to Censorship a news item, scenes from movies or songs are not shared with public.
During the Emergency 1975-1977 government censored the media.
Government censor the films but it really does not censor media coverage of news.
Despite the absence of censorship on news, most newspapers are unable to provide a balanced story.
(ii) This is due to the control of business houses over the media:
News are given based on the interest of the business houses. 
Media needs money which it gets from advertisements.
It becomes difficult for them to report against those who give advertisements.
So media is not independent due to its business links.
(iii) Need for support for an issue:
Media tends to focus on particular aspect to make story interesting:
Also if they want public support, they focus on one side of the story.

(i) Almost all adult males served in the army during war.
(ii) They were also engaged in building dams, irrigation systems and other public works.
(iii) The Ahoms also introduced new method of rice cultivation.
(iv) Ahom society was divided into clans or khels. 
(v) There were very few castes of artisans, so they came from the adjoining kingdoms.
(vi) A khel often controlled several villages. 
(vii) The peasant was given land by his village community.
(viii) Even the king could not take it away without the community's consent.
(ix) In the beginning the Ahoms worshipped their own tribal gods.
(x) During the first half of the seventeenth century, they were influenced by Brahmanas. Temples and Brahmanas were granted land by the king. In the reign of Sib Singh (1714-1744), Hinduism became their major religion.
(xi) The Ahom kings did not completely give up their traditional beliefs after adopting Hinduism.
(xii) Ahom society was very sophisticated. Poets and scholars were given land grants. Theatre was encouraged. Important works of Sanskrit were translated into the local languages. Historical works, known as buranjis, were also written-first in the Ahom language and then in Assamese.