News of India Report Crackdown on polluting factories Protestors block roads and disrupt traffic Radhika Malik I INN Violent protests by owners and workers brought the city to a standstill today. People going to work could not do so on time because of huge traffic jams. The owners and workers are protesting (the government's decision to close down polluting factory units. Although the government did take this decision rather hastily, the protestors have known for quite some time that their units are not legal. Moreover, the levels of pollution in the city will be greatly reduced by this closure. Mr Jain a well-known figure in the city said, "With our city gradually becoming India's new business hub, it is important that it be a clean and green city. Polluting factories should be moved. The factory owners and workers should accept the relocation being offered by the government instead of protesting." India Daily Report Closure of factories causes Daily News Service The closure of one lakh factories in the city's residential areas is likely to become a serious issue. On Monday, thousands of factory owners and workers took to the street to strongly protest this closure. They said that their livelihoods would he lost. They say that the fault lies with the municipal corporation because it continued to issue licenses of new factories to be set up in residential areas. They also say that there were no adequate relocation efforts. The owners and workers plan a one-day city bandh to protest against this closure. Mr Sharma, one of the factory owner's? said, "The government says that it has done a lot to relocate us. But the areas they have sent us to have no facilities and have not been developed for the last five years." Ans. Stories in the above two newspapers are similar to a great extent. In my view following are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two: Similarities:
(i) In both the reports, the owners and workers are protesting against the closure of factories done by the government.
(ii) Both the reports say that the protest was violent and strong.
Dissimilarities:
(i) The first report says that the protestors knew well that their units were not legal while the second report says that according to the protestors, it was the fault of the municipal corporation which continued to issue licenses for the set up of new units.
(ii) The first report says that a well-known figure wants that the protestors should not oppose the decision of the government and accept its relocation proposal while the second report says that according to the protestors the relocation proposal made by the government is not viable as the areas where they have been sent to do not have facilities of basic infrastructure.

(a) The first picture is of electronic typewriter. It brought changes in journalism drastically in the 1940s.
(b) John L Baird is sitting in the second picture.
(c) John L Baird invented the 'televisor', an early television.

The existence of local media is important as other big media houses are not interested in covering 'small' issues that involve ordinary people and their daily lives. This forced several groups to come together and start their own media.
There are various ways through which people at local level get informed. One of them is community radio which keeps farmers up to date.
Making documentary films is another cheap way to inform citizens about real-life conditions. Another example is publishing local newspapers in local language so that each corner of the country can be informed.

The various technologies used in mass media are very costly. If we take an example of TV studio, we see, it has lights, cameras, sound- recorders, transmission satellites, etc which are too expensive. It's not just these things but number of other people are also paid who helps in broadcasting. A lot of money is spent in using these changing technologies and hence a big amount of money is required for the same. This makes television channels and newspapers part of big business houses.
Mass media earns money by advertising various items like cars, phones, electronics, etc.

Technology is the use of science in industry to invent useful things or to solve problems. Cable television and extensive use of the Internet is a recent phenomenon. Technology used by media is dynamic. Print media and electronic media reach a large number of people through the use of certain technologies. Their name is based on type of technology they use.
The dynamic nature of technology helps media to spread its effect to more people with better quality of sound and images. Technology also contributes in changing the way people think.

There are many ways through which mass media makes money:
(i) Advertisements are the major way to make money. Different products like soaps, cars, clothes, creams etc. give advertisements to attract consumers.
(ii) Advertisements are repeated during telecast of movies, serials and matches.
(iii) The money earned depends upon the popularity of the programme and number of times the advertisement is repeated.
(iv) Another way is by doing promotional activities and making their presence felt so that large number of people see their channels or buy magazines or newspapers.
(v)Newspapers have print advertisement in various categories along with worth information under the categories like buy or sell, about buy or rent and also obituaries,

(i) There are different technologies that media use today and these are costly. T.V. studio with cameras, sound recorders, lights, transmission and satellites cost a lot of money.
(ii) News studio or serial production require the services of large number of people like readers, cameraman, actors, production units, etc and their salaries add to the expenses.
(iii) Electronic media also involves money.
(iv) Print media needs offices, machines, people to work on them, people Work related like reporting, getting advertisements, marketing or selling, all this again cost a lot of money.
(v)Moreover, the technology keeps on changing, and the media has to keep pace with that which itself is costly.

(i) Media plays a very significant role in a democracy. It providers news and discusses events related to the country or world.
(ii) It helps the citizens to know about the working of the government, and if required, bring forth the the problems.
(iii) Media helps the people of around the world to known and understand about what is going on in other parts of the world.
(iv)Media helps by "setting the agenda" and helps people to organize protests
(v) Media propagates the policies and programmes of the government and criticizes the unpopular policies.
(vi) It reports crimes, mishappenings and creates opinion about them as well.