(i) Voting right to all adults is called universal adult franchise.
(ii) It is an essential aspect of all democracies.
(iii)The idea of universal adult franchise is based on the idea of equality because it states that every adult in a country, irrespective of their wealth and

(i) Dalit is a term that the so-called lower castes use to address themselves.
(ii) Dalit means 'broken'. (iii)By using this word, lower castes point to how they were and continue to be seriously discriminated against.

(i) The Indian Constitution recognises every person as equal.
(ii) This means that every person in the country, both male and female from all castes, religions, tribes, educational and economic backgrounds is equal.
(iii)Inequality still exists. But at least, in democratic India, the principle of the equality of all persons is recognised.
(iv) Earlier no law existed to protect people from discrimination and ill-treatment. (v)Now there are several laws that work to see that people are treated with dignity and as equals.

(i) One of the main reasons for continuance of discrimination is that attitudes change very slowly.
(ii) Persons are aware that discrimination is against the law. Still they continue to treat people unequally on the basis of their caste, religion, disability, economic status and sex.
(iii)It is only when people begin to believe that no one is inferior and that every person deserves to be treated with dignity, that attitudes change.
(iv) Establishing equality in a democratic society is a continuous struggle.
(v) Persons as well as various communities in India contribute to remove inequalities

Two different types of inequalities that exist in our country are-inequalities based on caste system and that based on religion.
(i) On the basis of caste, Omprakash Valmiki was treated extremely unequally because he was a Dalit. In school, his headmaster ordered him to sweep the school and playground.
(ii)Another example of inequality is of Ansari, who are treated unequally on the basis of differences of religion. They were looking to rent an apartment in the city. But the moment the landlady knew their names, she declined to rent the house

The Civil Right Act was passed in 1 'The act prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, religion or national origin. It also stated that African- American children would no longer have to attend separate schools, specially set up for them. Infact, all the schools would be open for them. However, a majority of African-American continue to be among the poorest in the country

No democratic country can be described as being fully democratic. There are always communities and individuals who try to expand the idea of democracy and push for greater recognition of equality on existing and new issues. There is struggle for the recognition of all persons as equal and for their dignity to be maintained.

There are various provisions made in the Constitution for the recognition of equality.
They are
(i) Every person is equal before the law.
(ii) No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, place of birth or whether they are female or male.
(iii) Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops and markets.
(iv) Untouchability has been abolished.

The two ways in which the government has tried to implement the equality that is guaranteed in the Constitution are
(i) Firstly, through the laws.
(ii) Secondly, through government programmes or schemes to help disadvantaged communities.

Though we live in a democratic country, there are still various kinds of inequalities that exist.
People are discriminated and treated unequally on the basis of caste, they are born into, the religion they practise, the class background they belong to, and also whether they are male or female.

Omprakash Valmiki's experience was similar to that of the Ansari s in the following ways
Both were discriminated as Omprakash Valmiki was not permitted to sit with other students and was forced to sweep the school.
Wheras, the Ansaris were not given a flat in locality because of their religion.
Omprakash Valmiki faced discrimination because he was a dalit i.e. belonged to a 'lower caste' and the Ansaris faced inequality because of their religion. In both cases, dignity of a person was violated.

Article 15 of the Indian Constitution addresses inequality and discrimination by
Allowing access to shops, public places, hotels, restaurants and places of public entertainment.
Allowing general public to use the wells, tanks, bathing ghats and roads maintained fully or partly by state funds.

Mid-day Meal Programme is an initiative taken by government in order to provide children of elementary schools with cooked lunch all over the country.
Three benefits of the programme are
More poor children have begun enrolling and regularly attending school.
It also helped in reducing the hunger of poor students who cannot concentrate on their studies because of empty stomachs.
The programme also helped In improving the attendance of the students.
This programme will also help in promoting equality as it will help in reducing caste prejudices as both lower and upper caste children will sit together to have their meals. In some places, Dalit women have been employed to cook the meals.

Yes
Disgusted(Answer will vary from student to student)

If I was in the place of Ansari. I would have refused to change my name, as changing my identity will hurt my dignity.