The term brand refers to stamping a product with particular name or sign.
Building brands is central to advertising because
The main reason is to differentiate the product from other products in the market.
Branding provides recognition to the product.

The different kinds of shops in my neighbourhood are departmental stores, dairy, stationery, chemist, bakery, etc. We buy goods like milk, butter, ghee, groceries, pen,
pencils, medicines, biscuits, cakes, etc from them.

The brand values are conveyed through the use of visuals and words to give us an overall image that appeals to us.

Values such as treating our guests well and making sure that children get nutritious food are used by brands to create brand values.

The advertisements of two daals are being talked about i.e. 'Top Taste Oaal' and 'Best Taste Oaal'. 

Advertising is significant for a brand as it makes people buy the product. Advertising is not an easy task. Many books have been written on it. People get persuaded to buy the brand after they see the advertisement.
The persons who make the advertisements decide what images, texts and personal emotions are to be used for selling the products.

Advertisements play a major role in our lives. We not only purchase products on the basis of advertisements but they also influence the way in which we think about ourselves, our friends and our family.
Thus, it is necessary to know and understand how advertising works. We need to understand why particular images or emotions have been used and what happens when we are not able to buy the products.

When there are two brands of same product, the consumers get confused because they are not able to differentiate. For instance between 'Top Taste Daal' and 'Best Taste Daal'. Hence, the manufacturer has to give the consumer a reason, to prefer their brand. For the same reason, advertisers started claiming certain special values for their brand. In this way, they tried to differentiate it from other similar products.

Branding in real came from cattle grazing. The cattle of different owners used to graze together in ranches and they often mixed up.
To solve the problem, owners thought of a solution and hence started marking their cattle with the owner's sign by using a heated iron. This process came to be known as branding.

Naming the product is not the single task of producers.
After naming i.e. branding producers have to convince the consumers why their product is much better than the product of competitors. Producers have to differentiate their product with competitors, product.

The producer gave his product a specific name so as to differentiate it from other products in the market. Daals are usually sold loose in the market and these daals are of various types. When a producer takes some daals and puts it into a packet, he will need to give the daal a special name. This naming of daal is known as 'branding'.

In today's time, we all are surrounded by ads as we watch these on television, listen to them on radio, see them on streets, newspapers and magazines. In fact, ads can be seen on taxis and rickshaws. We see ads before the film begins and on the internet.

Two ways in which advertising affects issues of equality in a democracy are
Advertising focusses on the lives of the rich and famous people thereby making us forget about the key elements of democracy such as poverty, discrimination and dignity.
In a democracy, all people are equal and should lead a life of dignity but advertising promotes a certain lack of respect for poor people.

Message given by these advertisements is
The first advertisement tries to say that 'Education for all' should not remain a mere slogan rather all educational institutions in India should be made accessible and disabled friendly.
The second advertisement states that a train moves at a faster speed than speed of our vehicle, so we should not cross the unmanned railway crossings.

Target audience for the social advertisements given is 
disabled children
Persons crossing unmanned railway crossings