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Published on: 30/07/2018
From the chapter Anatomy of Flowering Plants, some of the important questions are covered in this question paper. The questions are covers from the book back and PTA question.
Download CBSE Class 11th Standard CBSE Biology question papers, sample papers, important questions, and previous year solved papers in PDF format. Get free study materials, NCERT solutions, and exam preparation resources for Class 11th Standard CBSE Biology
Questions + Answers key
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1.
Give the functional difference between phellogen and phelloderm.
2.
Mention the features of isobilateral leaves.
3.
Describe the cortex region of dicot root?
4.
Why the endodermis of a dicot stem is called starch sheath?
5.
Name the epidermis which covers both the upper surface and lower surface of the leaf.
6.
Name two characteristic bands that are found in endodermis of dicot root.
7.
What are the cells that make the leaves curl in plants during water stress?
8.
Differentiate between earlywood and latewood?
9.
Distinguish between Collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
10.
What is the function of apical meristems ?
11.
What is the epidermal cell modification in plants which prevent water loss?
12.
Protoxylem is the first formed xylem. if the protoxylem lies next to phloem, what kind of arrangement of xylem would you call it ?
13.
What is the composition of collenchyma cells ?
14.
Give two examples of lateral meristem in plants.
15.
Write the location of root apical meristem and shoot apical meristem
16.
What is the difference between lenticels and stomata?
17.
List out the differences between intrafascicular cambium and interfascicular cambium.
18.
What are the plant whold show the folowing ?
(i)Radial vascular bundle
(ii)Ployarch xylem
(iii) well developed pith
19.
What are the charecteristic difference found in vascular tissu of gymnosperms and angiosperms?
20.
Explain the process of secondary growth in the stems of woody angiosperms. What is its significance?
21.
Deciduous plants shed their leaves during hot summer or autumn. This process of shedding of keaves is called abscission .Apart from physiological changes, what anatomical mechanism is involved in the abscission of leaves?
22.
Cut a transverse section of young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under the microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem? Give reasons.
23.
What is the difference between lenticels and stomata
1.
Difference between phellogen and phelloderm is
| Phellogen | Phelloderm |
| It is a ring of meristematic cells that divide and form cork on outside and secondary cortex on the inner side. | It is a tissue made up of suberised parenchymatous cells that transfer nutrients and water to phellogen cells for their activity. |
2.
Isobilateral ( equifacial ) leaves are placed in a plant in such a way that both its surfaces receive equal amount of sunlight.It doesnot have distinct upper and lower surfaces. Mesophyll is usually indistinguishable. Most of the monocot plants have isobilateral leaves.
3.
The cortex consists of several layers of thin walled parenchyma cells. Intercellular spaces are small but abundant. The cortical cells can be rounded, oval or angular.
They store food. The major function of the cortex in the root hair zone is conduction of water and minerals from the epiblema to the interior of the root.
4.
The endodermis of a dicot stem is rich in starch grains, so it is called starch sheath .
5.
Upper surface is covered by adaxial epidermis
Lower surface is covered by abaxial epidermis
6.
Casparian strips or carsparian strps or casparian bands.
7.
Bulliform cells make the leaves curl during the condition of the water stress. The epidermal cell modification in plants that prevents water loss is known as Bulliform Cells.
8.
Earlywood is the another name of springwood and latewood is another name of autumnwood.
9.
Collenchyma and sclerenchyma are types of simple permanent tissues.
10.
Apical meristems are responsible for the growth in length of roots and shoot
11.
Cuticularised trichoblasts or epidermal hair which produce a stationary layer of air over the surface that reduces isolation and rate of transportation.
12.
It protoxylem lies next to phloem the condition of the xylem arrangement is called as exarch.
13.
It is made of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic substances
14.
Fascicular combium and phellogen ( cork cambium).
15.
Root apical meristem - Root Tip
Shoot apical meristem - Topmost regions of stem axis.
16.
Difference between lenticels and stomata are
| Lenticles | Stomata |
| These are present in old stems and roots. | they are found in young stems and leaves. |
| These are found in cork tissues. | Stomata are found in the epidermis. |
| These contain a number of complementary cells. | A stomata has two guard cells. |
| They remain open permanently. | They open and close in response to turgidity to their guard cells. |
17.
Differences between intrafascicular cambium and interfascicular cambium are
| Intra fascicular Cambium | Interfascicular Cambium |
| It is a primary meristerm. | It is secondary meristerm. |
| It is present even in the primary stem. | It develops only when secondary growth is to occur. |
| vascular cambium lies inside the vascular bundle of the stem. | Intervascular cambium is formed in between the vascular bundles. |
| It is derived from procambium of stem apical meristem. | It develops from permanent cells of medullary rays through the process of dedifferentiation. |
18.
A well-developed pith is present in dicot stem and monocot roots.
19.
In gymnosperms , Vessel elements are not present in xylem, whereas , these are main constituents in angiosperms . In the phloem of gymnosperms, companion cells are not associated with the sieve elements . In angiosperms , companion cells are associated with the sieve elements of phloem.
20.
Secondary growthg in stems of woody angiosperms occurs by two types of cambia, i.e., vascular cambium and cork cambium
(i) Vascular Cambium Ceratin cdells of medullary rays become meristematic to form interfasicular cambium.The fascicular cambium and the interfasicular join to form a complete ring called cambial ring. The cells of the cambial ring undergo mitotic divisions and produce secondary phloem on its outer side and secondary xylem on its inner side.
At places , vascular cambium possess ray intials.They form vascular rays, phloem rays in seconadry phloem and wood rays in secondary xylem.
As new secondary phloem becomes functional , the previous older phloem gets crushed. Secondary xylem or wood persists.As a result wood grows with age in the form of annual rings.
In each annual ring , there is wide or broader spring or early wood or spring wood and narrow autumn or late wood.
In old stems, the central part of wood becomes non-functional and dark coloured due to presenceof tyloses and deposition of resins , gums, and tannins.It is called duramen or heartwood.The outer functional wood is called sapwood .
(ii) Cork Cambium As the stem continues to increase in grith due to the activity of vascular cambium the ouiter cortical and epidermal layers get broken and need to be replaced to provide new protective cell layers.In this way , cork cambium or phellogen develops in the cortex region .Phellogen cuts of cells on both sides.
The outer cells differentiate into cork or phellem while, the inner cells differentiate into cork or phellem while , the inner cells differentiate into secondary cortex or phelloderm.Due to activity of cork cambium, pressure builds up on the remaining layers peripheral to phellogen and dultimately these layers peripheral to phellogen nad ultimately these layers die and sloghed off.
At places , aerating pores called lenticules develop, which have loosely arranged complementary cells.
Significance of secondary Growth
(i) It repalces old non-functional tissues.
(ii) It provides fireproof, insect proof and insulating cover around the older plant parts.
(iii) Commercail cork is a product of secondary growth .
(iv) Wood is the product of secondary growth.
21.
The hormones secreted by plant body influence anatomical changes in it. In the future are of abscission , a special narrow abscission zone develops. It consists of a upper lignified amd suberised protective layer. The seperation layer consists of unthicked cells where the hydrolysing enzymes develop.
Pectnases are secreted out to dissolve middle lamallae.Cellulases bring about hydrolysis of cell walls.Due to this, the seperation layer becomes soft and weak.This leads to sheding of leaves from plants.
22.
The dicot stem is characterised by the presence of conjoint, collateral, and open vascular bundles, with a strip of cambium between the xylem and phloem. The vascular bundles are arranged in the form of a ring, around the centrally-located pith. The ground tissue is differentiated into the collenchyma, parenchyma, endodermis, pericycle, and pith. Medullary rays are present between the vascular bundles.

The monocot stem is characterised by conjoint, collateral, and closed vascular bundles, scattered in the ground tissue containing the parenchyma. Each vascular bundle is surrounded by sclerenchymatous bundle-sheath cells. Phloem parenchyma is absent and water-containing cavities are present.

23.
Difference between lenticels and stomata are given below
| Lenticels | Stomata |
| Found in old stem and root | Found in leaves and young stem |
| Present in crok tissues. Contain a number of comlementary cells permanently remain open |
Present in epidremis stomata contain two guard cells Stomata open and close in response to turgidity of guars cells |
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