Proteins act5s as a carrier protein in the following ways
(i) Some proteins act as carrier which bind and transport specific molecules across a membrane or in a body fluid.
(ii) Haemoglobin of RBCs transports oxygen in the body.
(iii) Myoglobin of muscles store oxygen.
(iv) Serum albumin carries fatty acids and lipids in the blood.

A nucleoside consists of a nitrogen base and a pentose sugar, but when a phosphate is added to the nucleoside, it is called nucleotide, hence, a nucleotide is a phosphorylated nucleoside.

Watson and Crick proposed the double helical model of DNA structure.
The two strands are antiparallel because they run in opposite directions, one in the \({ 5 }^{ ' }\rightarrow { 3 }^{ ' }\)direction and the other in \({ 3 }^{ ' }\rightarrow { 5 }^{ ' }\) direction.

Oil is non-polar and is not attracted to water.so oil is not soluble in water

Inulin is a fructose polymer found in many plants. It can be found in the roots and rhizomes of plants.

Nitrogen is found invariably in proteins, but not in all carbohydrates and lipids.

Glycogen is found in liver cells and molecules in the body.

Nucleic acid : All the hereditary information is stored in the DNA.

Arthropods have sclerotein protein and polysaccharide called chitin in their exoskeleton.

Temperature and pressure are the two physical factors that affects activity of an enzyme

Alanine is an amino acid, adenylic acid is a nucleotide and linolenic acid is a fatty acid.

Active or catalytic site is that part of an enzyme where catalytic work is carried out

The name given is heteropolysaccharide to the type of polysaccharide, which is composed of different types of monomers, e.g., pectin.

The continuous process of breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules through chemical reactions occurring in the living cells is called metabolism.
(i) Each of the metabolic reaction results in a transformation of biomolecules.
(ii) Most of these metabolic reactions do not occur in isolation but are always linked with some other reactions.
(iii) In these reactions, the metabolisms are converted into another metabolite in a series of linked reactions called metabolic pathways.
(iv) Each metabolite has a define rate and direction during the flow through a metabolic pathways called the dynamic state.
In living systems, metabolism involves two following types of pathways
(i) The anabolic pathways is called biosynthetic pathway. It leads to a more complex structure from a simpler structure, e.g., the pathway involving the conversion of acetic acid into cholesterol. These pathways consume energy.
(ii) The catabolic pathways leads to simpler structure from a complex structure, e.g., the pathways involving conversion of glucose into lactic acid in our skeletal muscles. This pathway leads to the release of energy, e.g., energy is liberated when glucose is degrated to lactic acid in our skeletal muscles.

The function of polysaccharides are
(i) Starch and glycogen are the major storage food of organic world.
(ii) On hydrolysis, storage carbohydrates provide both energy and carbon chains.
(iii) Chitin is the structural carbohydrate of fungal walls and exoskeleton of arthropods. (insects).
(iv) Cellulose is the structural substance of cell walls in most of the plants.
(v) Cellulose is economically important in the production of furniture, shelter, fuel, paper, textiles, ropes, rayon, cellophane, plastics, etc.

Cofactors are non-protein molecules that are relatively stable at high temperature consisting of thhree main types i.e inorganic ions, coenzymes and prosthetic groups.
(i) Examples of inorganic ions are calcium ions(activates the enzyme thrombokinase to convert prothrombin into thrombin during thye blood clotting process) and chloride ions(activates salivary amylas to convert starch into maltose)
(ii) Examples of coenzymes are NAD, acetyl coenzyme A ATP and NADP
(iii) Prosthetic groups are molecules that are permanently attached to the enzyme.Examples of prosthetic groups are heam and FAD 

Enzymes generally function at a narrow range of temperature. The temperature at which the enzyme shows its maximum activity, is called its optimum temperature. The enzyme activity decreases at temperatures below and above the optimum temperature.
At low temperatures, the enzyme is inactive, while at high temperature, the enzyme is denatured and so it loses its activity.

The most important fact of biology systems is that all living organisms exist in a steady-state characterised by the concentration of each of the biomolecule. These biomolecules are in a metabolic flux. Any chemical or physical process moves spontaneously to equilibrium. Thus, the steady state is a non-equilibrium state.
As living organisms work continuously, they cannot afford to reach equilibrium. Hence, the living state is a non-equilibrium steady-state to be able to perform work. This is achieved by energy input. Metabolism provides a mechanism for the production of energy.
Hence, the living state and metabolism are synonymous. Without metabolism, there cannot be a living state.

Difference between anabolism and catabolism are

(i) Yes, it is natural rubber (cis-1, 4-polyisoprene) is a secondary metabolite. It is extracted from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensus).
(ii) In the rubber tree, latex is produced in the highly specialised cells, called laticifers in phloem.
(iii) Rubber is a terpenoid and due to its high tensile strength, elasticity and plasticity properties. It is widely used in industries. 
(iv) It is a polymeric substance.

Most paper is formedfrom wood pulp. The main component of wood pulp is cellulose. Almost 100 billion stonnes of cellulose is produced by all the plants in the biosphere. About 400 million tonnes of paper is used by man in a year and we consume most of the mnanufacture paper.
Therefore, the loss of vegetation is very high and we need to use the sources wisely.