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Published on: 08/10/2019
Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables
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1.
The coach of a cricket team buys 3 bats and 6 balls for Rs 3,900. Later, she buys another bat and 2 more balls of the same kind for Rs 1,300. Represent this situation algebraically and geometrically,
2.
Given the linear equation 2x+3y-8=0, write another linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is
(i) intersecting lines.
(ii) Parallel llines.
(ii) coincident lines.
3.
Reduce the following pair of equations into a pair of linear equations and solve them
\(\frac { 2xy }{ x+y } =\frac { 3 }{ 2 } ,\quad \frac { xy }{ 2x-y } =\frac { -3 }{ 10 } ;\quad x+y\neq 0,\quad 2x-y\neq 0\)
4.
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 8 and the difference between the number and that formed by reversing the digits is 18. Find the number.
5.
Two straight paths are represented by the lines 7x-5y=3 and 21x-15y=5. Check whether the paths cross each other.
6.
Solve graphically, the pair of linear equations 3x+y-11=0,x-y-1=0. Also, find the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and Y-axis.
7.
Solve graphically, the pair of linear equations x-y=-1 and 2x+y-10=0. Also, find the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and X-axis.
8.
8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of work in 10 days while 6 men and 8 boys can finish it in 14 days. Find the time taken to finish the work by one man alone.
9.
Sheena went to a bank to withdraw Rs.1000 and asked the cashier to give her Rs.100 and Rs.50 notes only. She got 14 notes in all. Find how many notes of Rs.100 and Rs. 50 she received?
10.
The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 80 sq units, if its length is reduced by 5 units and the breadth is increased by 2 units. If we increase the length by 10 units and decrease the breadth by 5 units, then the area is increased by 50 q units. Find the length and the breadth of the rectangle.
1.
Let the cost of one bat be Rs x and one ball be Rs y.Then, the algebraic representation is given by the following equations:
3x + 6y = 3,900 .....(i)
and x + 2y = 1,300 .....(ii)
To obtain the equivalent geometric representation we find two points on the line representing each equation i.e., we find two solutions of each equation. These solutions 'are given below in the table:
For 3x + 6y = 3,900
\(\Rightarrow \quad y=\frac { 1,300-x }{ 2 } \)
| x | 0 | 1,300 |
| y | 650 | 0 |
for x + 2y = 1,300
\(\Rightarrow \quad y=\frac { 1,300-x }{ 2 } \)
| x | 500 | 100 |
| y | 400 | 600 |
Weplot the points A (0, 650) and B(1,300, 0) to obtain the geometric representation of 3x + 6y =3,900 and C(500,400) and D(100, 600) to obtain the geometric representation of x + 2y = 1,300. We observe these lines are coincident.
2.
Given linear equation is 2x+3y-8=0. ...(i)
(i) For intersecting lines, \(\frac { { a }_{ 1 } }{ { a }_{ 2 } } \neq \frac { { b }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 2 } } \)
\(\therefore\) Any line intersecting with Eq. (i) may be taken as
3x+2y-9=0 or 3x+2y-7=0
(ii) For parallel lines, \(\frac { { a }_{ 1 } }{ { a }_{ 2 } } =\frac { { b }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 2 } } \neq \frac { { c }_{ 1 } }{ { c }_{ 2 } } \)
\(\therefore\) Any line parallel to Eq. (i) may be taken as
6x+9y+7=0 or 2x+3y-12=0
(iii) For parallel lines, \(\frac { { a }_{ 1 } }{ { a }_{ 2 } } =\frac { { b }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 2 } } =\frac { { c }_{ 1 } }{ { c }_{ 2 } } \)
\(\therefore\) Any line coincident to Eq. (i) may be taken as
4x+6y-16=0
There can be several linear equations in each of (i), (ii) and (iii)
3.
The given system of equations is
\(\frac { 2xy }{ x+y } =\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \) and \(\frac { xy }{ 2x-y } =\frac { -3 }{ 10 } \)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac { x+y }{ 2xy } =\frac { 4 }{ 3 } \) and \(\frac { 2x-y }{ xy } =\frac { -10 }{ 3 } \)
\(\frac { 1 }{ y } +\frac { 1 }{ x } =\frac { 4 }{ 3 } \) and \(\frac { 2 }{ y } -\frac { 1 }{ x } =\frac { -10 }{ 3 } \)
Put \(\frac { 1 }{ x } =u\) and \(\frac { 1 }{ y } =v\) then the system of equations becomes u+v=\(\frac { 4 }{3 } \) and -u+2v=\(\frac { -10 }{3 } \)
Now, solve these equation.
x=\(\frac {1}{2}\) and y=\(\frac {-3}{2}\)
4.
Let unit's digit be y and ten's digit be x. Then, x+y=8 and (10x+y)-(10y+x)=18
\(\Rightarrow\) 9x-9y=18
x=5, y=3, Required number=53
5.
Two straight paths are parallel to each other. Hence, they do not cross each other.
6.
x=3, y=4, vertices of triangle are (3,2), (0,-1) and (0,11).
7.
x=3, y=4, vertices of triangle are (3,4), (-1,0) and (5,0).
8.
Let the man finishes the work in x days and the boy in y
According to question,
\(\frac { 8 }{ x } +\frac { 12 }{ y } =\frac { 1 }{ 10 } \quad ...(i)\)
and \(\frac { 6 }{ x } +\frac { 8 }{ y } =\frac { 1 }{ 14 } \quad \quad ...(ii)\)
Solve Eq. (i) and Eq. (ii) to get value of x.
Man alone finish the work in 140 days.
9.
Let the number of Rs.100 and Rs.50 notes be x and y, respectively. Then, according to the question, x+y=14100x+50y=1000
Rs.100 notes=6, Rs.50 notes=8
10.
Let x and y be length and breadth of rectangle.
Then, its area=xy
According to the questions,
9x-5)(y+2)=xy-80 \(\Rightarrow\) 2x-5y=-70
(x+10)(y-5)=xy+50 \(\Rightarrow\) -5x+10y=100
Length=40 units, breadth=30 units
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