CBSE 10th Science How Do Organisms Reproduce? - New Important Questions And Answers Study Material - QB365 Set A | QB365

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CBSE 10th Science How Do Organisms Reproduce? - New Important Questions And Answers Study Material - QB365 Set A

Published on: 17/08/2026

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Std: 10th Standard CBSE - Science

chapter: How Do Organisms Reproduce? - New - Important Questions And Answers

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Questions:

Long Answer Type Questions

8 x 5 = 40

The image below shows a banana plant which is growing with the help of suckers. These suckers are small plant stem outgrowths which can be separated from the main plant and planted separately and they will grow into a new plant subsequently.

(i) Give the name and type of reproduction that is shown in the image above.
(ii) List two advantages the farmer will have on using the type of reproduction mentioned above.
(iii) The above plant produces male flowers. Explain how this plant will be involved in the process of pollination.
(iv) Why is the offspring of this banana plant not absolutely identical to its parent plant?

Give reason for the following.
(i) Name a unisexual and a bisexual flower.
(ii) Define cross-pollination. State how it is carried out.
(iii) Observe the diagram given below and name the parts marked as 'A' and 'B'.

Mentlon the functlon of each of theso parts.

(i) Study the diagram given below and name the parts marked as A, Band C. What happens when B reaches C in the ovary? Mention its significance.

(ii) Write the post-fertilisation changes that occur in a flower.

(i) What are spores? On which structures are they formed? How do they overcome unfavourable conditions? Name the organisms which multiples with the help of these structures.
(ii) Give two reasons why some plants are grown by the method of vegetative propagation. List two methods used to grow plants vegetatively.

All the reproductive methods of living organisms are broadly categorised into two types
1, Asexual reproduction
2. Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves the participation of a single parent without the formation of gametes, fertilisation and transfer of genetic material. This method is a common means of rapidly increasing offspring under favourable conditions.
(i) (a) Name the type of fission that occurs in Leishmanla and Plasmodium.
(b) Write one advantage of sexual mode of reproduction over asexual reproduction.
(ii) Gve reasons, why
(a) Colonies of yeast fall to multiply in water, but multiply in sugar solution.
(b) Rhizopus Individuals do not grow on a dry slice of bread.
(iii) Name the filamentous structure a student could Identify when he collected water from a pond that appeared dark green. How do those organisms multiply ? Explain.

(i) Name the mode of reproduction of the following organisms and state the important feature of each mode
(a) Planaria
(b) Hydra
(c) Rhizopus
(ii) We can develop new plants from the leaves of Bryophyllum. Comment.
(iii) List two advantages of vegetative propagation over other modes of reproduction.
Or
(iii) Name and explain the two modes of asexual reproduction observed in Hydra.

Why are budding, fragmentation and regeneration all considered as asexual types of reproduction? With neat diagrams explain the process of regeneration in planaria.

Write two points of differences between asexual and sexual type of reproduction. Describe why variations are observed in the offspring formed by sexual reproduction.

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Answers Key:

Long Answer Type Questions

8 x 5 = 40

(i) The given image represents banana plant, which reproduce asexually through vegetative propagation.
(ii) The two advantages of vegetative propagation are as follows
(a) Vegetative propagation allows farmers to grow more crops in the same time interval.:
(b) It also produces genetically identical plants, ensuring consistent fruit quality and eliminating the need for pollinators.
(iii) The plant will show cross-pollination in which pollen from the anther of one banana plant is transferred to the stigma of another banana plant. This transfer is facilitated by agents such as wind, water, or insects, which help in moving the pollen between plants.
(iv) Minor variations in offspring arise due to small errors or mutations that occur when DNA is copied.

(i) Unisexual flower-Papaya
Bisexual flower-Hibiscus
(ii) Cross-pollination is defined as the transfer of pollen from the stamen of a flower to the stigma of a different flower. It is carried out through different agent like wind, water, insects, etc.
(iii) Name and functions of parts marked as A and B are

(i) The parts marked as A, B and Care
A-Male gamete of pollen grain
B-Pollen tube
C-Ovule
When part B (pollen tube) reaches the part C (ovule) the male gamete (pollen grain) enters into the ovule to fuse with the female gamete (egg) for fusion.
(ii) The post-fertilisation changes that occurs in a flower are given below
(a) The ovule develops a tough coat and gets converted into a seed.
(b) The ovary grows rapidly and ripens into a fruit.
(c) All petals, stamens, style and stigma gets shrivel and fall off.

(i) Spores are the microscopic reproductive units produced by a parent organisms through asexual reproduction.
These are formed in the tiny blob-on-a stick like structures called sporangia.
In order to overcome unfavourable climatic condition, they gets covered by a thick wall that provides protection to them. The formation of spores can be easily observed in organism like Rhizopus (a fungi).
(ii) Some plants are grown by means of vegetative propagation due to the following reasons
(a) Plants raised by this method can bear fruits and flowers earlier than those produced by seeds.
(b) It allows the propagation of plants such as banana, orange, etc., which otherwise has less capacity to produce seeds.
Two vegetative methods that are used to grow plants are as follows
• Natural vegetative methods with the help of certain vegetative parts like leaf, buds, etc.
• Artificial vegetative methods like layering, grafting, etc.

(i) (a) Binary fission occurs in Leishmania and multiple fission in Plasmodium.
(b) Sexual reproduction promotes diversity of traits/characters in new generation..
(ii) (a) The yeast cell fail to multiply in water because in water, the yeast cells do not get the nutrients required for the growth and multiplication of cells from water. While sugar solution provides nutrients to the yeast cell to produce bud-like outgrowth and undergo asexual reproduction known as budding.
(b) The bread mould or Rhizopus undergo asexual reproduction using spores. These are resistant to adverse environmental conditions. As it requires favourable conditions such as moist surface to grow. So, Rhizopus do not grow on dry slice of bread.
(ii) The filamentous structure found in water is Spirogyra (a type of algae). It multiplies with the help of fragmentation in which algae is broken into fragments or pieces. Each fragments subsequently grows to form a complete new organism.

(i) (a) Planaria--Regeneration
(b) Hydra--Budding
(c) Rhizopus-Spore formation
(ii) The leaves of Bryophyllum bears vegetative adventitious buds which on separation can give rise to new plants.
(ii) The advantages of vegetative propagation are as follows
(a) Vegetative reproduction is easier and faster methods of reproduction.
(b) It is useful in those organisms, which cannot reproduce sexually.
Or
(iii) Two modes of asexual reproduction in Hydra are
(a) Budding
(b) Regeneration.

Budding, fragmentation and regeneration are considered as asexual types of reproduction because all of them involve only one parent and germ cells (gametes) are not involved in this type of reproduction.
Regeneration in Planaria The Planaria can be cut into a number of pieces and each piece grows into a complete organism. This is known as regeneration (see fig. below). Regeneration is carried out by the specialised cells.
These cells proliferate and produce large number of cells. From this mass of cells, different cells undergo changes to become various cell types, tissues and organs. These changes take place in an organised manner referred to as development.

Differences between asexual and sexual reproduction are as follows
Asexual Reproduction - Sexual Reproduction
It involves only one parent - It often involves two parents.
Gametes are not produced - Gametes are produced
No fertilisation and zygote formation - Fertilisation and zygote formation is observed
Meiosis does not occur at anytime during reproduction - Meiosis occurs at the time of gamete formation.
Variations are observed in offspring produced by sexual reproduction because during sexual reproduction, two different types of gametes fuse together.
Although these gametes have the same number of chromosomes, their DNA is not identical. This brings different sets of characters in the offspring.