Equal genetic contribution of male and female parents in the progeny is ensured by the equal inheritance of chromosome from each parent.
Human possesses 23 pairs of chromosomes, of which 22 pairs are autosomes and 1 pair is the sex chromosomnes.
The two sex chromosomes in human are X and Y. Females have 2X chromosomes and males have a X and Y chromosome.
During the process of fertilization, a haploid sperm fuses with a haploid ovum to produce a diploid zygote. Zygote receives equal amount of genetic material from each parent and thus, retains the diploid narure on fertilizarion.

Since the traits inherit independently there is appearance of new combinations of characters in F₂ progeny.

We know that there is various diversity in size, form, structure and morphological features in the living world, at the molecular level these diverse types of organisms show similarity.

Only those changes in the DNA or germ cells will be passed on to the progeny resulting in the variations in them. Since acquired characters do not produce any change in the DNA of germ cells, they cannot be inherited.

If complex appearance is parallel with evolution, then humans are more complex than bacteria. But when we take it as total life characteristics, then it is difficult to identify.

TT

No, the genetic combination of mother does not play any significant role in determining the sex of a newborn. This is because the female cell carries two X-chromosomes XX). While the male cell carries one X and one Y-chromosome. The fusion of X-chromosome (of male sperm cell) with X-chromosome (of female egg) produces a female child, while the fusion of Y-chromosome (of male sperm cell) with X-chromosome (of female egg) produces a male child. Therefore, it is the contribution of father which determines the sex of a newborn.

Female baby

(a) No
(b) No
(c) In a population of mosquitoes there are certain mosquitoes having a variant gene which makes them resistant to insecticides. Mosquitoes not having the variant gene get eliminated while those having variant gene reproduce and increase their population.

(a) Characters are controlled by genes.
(b) Each gene controls one character.
(c) There may be two or more forms of the gene.
(d) One form may be dominant over the other.
(e) Genes are present on chromosomes.
(f) All individuals will have two forms of the gene whether similar or dissimilar.
(g) The two forms separate at the time of gamete formation and brought together in the zygote. 

(a) Yes.
(b) Geographical isolation prevents gene flow between populations of a species whereas asexual reproduction generally involves only one individual. Slowly the separated individuals will reproduce among themselves and generate new variations. Geographical isolation gradually leads to genetic drift. Continuous accumulation of those variations through a few generations may ultimately lead to the formation of a new species.