Because of the property of surface tension, liquid tends to minimise its area.

In liquids, the molecules are more compact in comparison to gases.

PV = nRT
Where R is called Gas constant.

(i) Gases, have no definite shape and no definite volume.
(ii) There is no force of attraction existing between the molecules of gases.
(iii) Gases are highly compressible.
(iv) Gases can mix evenly and can spread in whole space.

Poise.

The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid is equal to external pressure is called boiling point of liquid.

pV = nRT
\(pV=\frac { m }{ M } RT\)
Volume occupied by 8.8g of CO₂
\(V=\frac { mRT }{ pM } =\frac { 8.8g\times 0.083 \ bar \ L \ { k }^{ -1 }{ mol }^{ -1 }\times 304.1k }{ 1 \ bar\times 44g{ mol }^{ -1 } } \)
V  = 5.048L

If units of p = atm, units of  V = dm³  ,units of n = mol then,units of
\(a=\frac { { pV }^{ 2 } }{ { n }^{ 2 } } =\frac { atm.({ dm }^{ 3 })^{ 2 } }{ (mol)^{ 2 } } =atm \ dm^{ 6 } \ mol^{ -2 }\)

Given that \({ P }_{ ideal }={ P }_{ real }+\frac { { an }^{ 2 } }{ { V }^{ 2 } } \)
\(a=\frac { { pV }^{ 2 } }{ { n }^{ 2 } } \) If units of  \(p={ Nm }^{ -2 }\)
units of \(V={ m }^{ 3 }\)  units of n = mol
then, units of \(a=\frac { Nm^{ -2 }(m^{ 3 })^{ 2 } }{ (mol)^{ 2 } } =Nm^{ 4 } \ mol^{ -2 }\)

4.89 atm

V = 169.91 mL

T = 87^oC

V = 9.82 cm³

Kinetic energy is given as \({ E }_{ k }=\frac { 3 }{ 2 } nRT\)
\(n=\frac { 2 }{ 32 } =\frac { 1 }{ 16 } mol,\)
\( R=8.314 \ JK^{ -1 }mol^{ -1 },\)
\( T=273-23=250 \ K\)
\( { E }_{ k }=\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \times \frac { 1 }{ 16 } \times 8.314\times 250=194.86J\)

From the information and data given in the question, we concluded that Electronegativity of chlorine, bromine, and iodine decreases in the following order.
CI > Br >
Therefore, dipole should moment decrease from HCI to HI. As a result, dipole-dipole interaction should also decrease from HCI to HI. But boiling point increases on moving from HCI and HI. This means that London forces are predominant.
This is so because London forces increases as the number of electrons in a molecules increases and in this case, number of electrons is increasing from HCI towards HI.