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Published on: 05/10/2019
Binomial Theorem
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1.
Show that the ratio of the coefficient of x10 in (1-x2)10 and the term independent of x in \(\left( x-\frac { 2 }{ x } \right) ^{ 10 }\) is 1:32.
2.
Prove that (1+y+y2+...)2 = (1+2y+3y2+...)
3.
Prove that there is no term involving x8 in the expansion of\({ \left( { 2x }^{ 2 }-\frac { 3 }{ x } \right) }^{ 11 }\).
4.
Find the coefficient of x7 in \({ \left( { ax }^{ 2 }+\frac { 1 }{ bx } \right) }^{ 11 }\)and x-7 in \({ \left( { ax }-\frac { 1 }{ b{ x }^{ 2 } } \right) }^{ 11 }\)and find the relation between a and b so that these coefficients are equal.
5.
Find the value of \(\alpha \) for which the coefficients of the middle terms in the expansions of \({ \left( 1+\alpha x \right) }^{ 4 }\)and \({ \left( 1-\alpha x \right) }^{ 6 }\)are equal.
6.
The coefficient of (m + 1) th term in the expansion of (1 +x)2n is equal to the coefficient of (m + 3)th term. Show that m + 1 = n.
7.
The coefficients of three consecutive terms in the expansion of (1 + x)n are in the ratio 1 : 6 : 30. Find n.
8.
If the fourth term in the expansion of \(\left( ax+\frac { 1 }{ x } \right) ^{ n }is \frac { 20 }{ 27 } \) then find the value of a and n.
9.
In the expansion of (x + a)n, sums of odd and even terms are P and Q respectively, Prove that
(i) 2 (P2 + Q2) = (x + a)2n + (x - a)2n
(ii) p2 - Q2 = (x2 - a2)n
10.
Find the middle terms in the expansion of \(\left( 2x-\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 9 }\)
11.
Find the expansion of (3x2 - 2ax + 3a2)3 using binomial theorem.
1.
Tr+1=10Cr (-1)r x2r
For coefficient of x10, put 2r=10 \(\Rightarrow \)r=5, then
Coefficient of x10=10C5 (-1)5 and T'r+1=10Cr x10-2r (-2r)r
For independent of x, put 10-2r=0, \(\Rightarrow \) r=5,
Then, T6' =10C5 (-2)5
Now \(\frac { { ^{ 10 }C }_{ 5 }(-1)^{ 5 } }{ { ^{ 10 }C }_{ 5 }(-2)^{ 5 } } =\frac { 1 }{ 32 } \)
2.
\(LHS=(1+y+{ y }^{ 2 }+...)^{ 2 }=(\frac { 1 }{ 1-y } )^{ 2 }=\left( 1-y \right) ^{ -2 }=1+2y+3{ y }^{ 2 }+...=RHS\)
3.
General term in \({ \left( { 2x }^{ 2 }-\frac { 3 }{ x } \right) }^{ 11 }\),
Tr+1 = 11Cr (2x2)11-r \({ \left( \frac { 3 }{ x } \right) }^{ r }\)
= 11Cr 211-rx22-2r-r (-3)r
for x8, 22 - 2r - r = 8 \(\Rightarrow \) 3r = 22 - 8 \(\Rightarrow \) r = \(\frac { 14 }{ 3 } \)
It is not an integer.
So, no term involving x8 exist.
4.
General term in\({ \left( { ax }^{ 2 }+\frac { 1 }{ bx } \right) }^{ 11 }\) ,
Tr+1 = 11Cr a11-r b-r x22-3x
for x7, 22 - 3r = 7 \(\Rightarrow \) r = 5
\(\therefore \) Coefficient of x7 in \({ \left( { ax }^{ 2 }+\frac { 1 }{ bx } \right) }^{ 11 }\) = 11C5 a6 b-5
General term in\({ \left( { ax }-\frac { 1 }{ b{ x }^{ 2 } } \right) }^{ 11 }\) ,
Tr+1 = 11Cr a11-r (-1)r b-r x11-3x
for x7, 11 - 3r = -7 \(\Rightarrow \) r = 6
\(\therefore \) Coefficient of x-7 in \({ \left( { ax }-\frac { 1 }{ b{ x }^{ 2 } } \right) }^{ 11 }\) = 11C6 a5 b-6(-1)6
According to the question,
11C5 a6 b-5 = 11C6 a5 b-6(-1)6
\(\Rightarrow \) 11C5 ab = 11C5 \(\Rightarrow \) ab = 1
5.
Middle term in \({ \left( 1+\alpha x \right) }^{ 4 }\) = \(\left( \frac { 4 }{ 2 } +1 \right) \)th = 3rd term
\(\therefore \) Coefficient of middle term = 4C2 (\(\alpha \))2
Middle term in \({ \left( 1-\alpha x \right) }^{ 6 }\)= \(\left( \frac { 6 }{ 2 } +1 \right) \)th = 4th term
\(\therefore \) Coefficient of middle term = (-1)3 6C3 (\(\alpha \))3
Now, 4C2 (\(\alpha \))2 = - 6C3 (\(\alpha \))3
\(\Rightarrow 6{ \alpha }^{ 2 }+20\alpha ^{ 3 }=0\Rightarrow 2{ \alpha }^{ 2 }\left( 3+10\alpha \right) =0\)
\( \Rightarrow \alpha =0,\frac { -3 }{ 10 } \)
6.
We have (1 + x)2n
∴Tm+1=2nCm(x)m
∴ Coefficient of (m + 1)th term = 2nCm
Also Tm+3 = 2nCm+2 (x)m + 2
∴ Coefficient of (m + 3)th term = 2nCm + 2
It is given that
2nCm =2nCm+2
∴ m + (m + 2) = 2n
⇒ 2m + 2 = 2n
⇒ m+ 1= n.
7.
Let rth, (r + 1)th and (r + 2)th be three consecutive terms in the expansion of (1 + x)n. Then their coefficients are nC r-1,n C r and nCr+1 respectively.
∴ nCr-1:nCr:nCr+1=1:6:30
Now \(\frac { ^{ n }{ C }_{ r-1 } }{ ^{ n }{ C }_{ r } } =\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { r }{ n-r+1 } =\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \)
⇒ n -7r =-1 ....(i)
Also \(\frac { ^{ n }{ C }_{ r } }{ ^{ n }{ C }_{ r+1 } } =\frac { 6 }{ 30 } \)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { r+1 }{ n-r } =\frac { 1 }{ 5 } \)
n - 6r = 5 ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we have
n = 41 and r = 6.
8.
It is given that T4 = \(\frac{20}{27}\)
Comparing\(\left( ax+\frac { 1 }{ x } \right) ^{ n }\) with (A+ B)n, we have
A=ax and B=\(\frac{1}{x}\)
∴ T4 = nC3 An-3\((\frac{1}{x})^3\)
= nC3 (ax)n-3\((\frac{1}{x})^3\)
∴ nc3 (ax)n-3\((\frac{1}{x})^3=\frac{20}{27}\)
∴ = nc3 an-3 xn-6=\(\frac{20}{27}...(i)\)
Now n - 6 = 0 ⇒ n = 6
Putting n = 6 in (i), we have
6C3 a6- 3x6 - 6=âââââââ\(\frac{20}{27}\)
⇒ 20a3=\(\frac{20}{27}\)
⇒ a3=âââââââ\(\frac{1}{27}\)
⇒ a=\(\frac{1}{3}\)
Thus n = 6 and a =âââââââ\(\frac{1}{3}\)
9.
Here (x + c)n
=nC0 xn+nc1 xn-1a+nC2 xn-2a2 +... +nCnan
= P + Q....(i)
where P= nC0 xn + nC2 xn-2a2 + ...
Q=nC1 xn - 1a + nC3 xn- 3 a3 + ...
Also (x-a)n
nC0 xn - nC1 xn - 1a + nC2 xn-2a2 +...+(-1)n nCnan
=P - Q....(ii)
(i) Squaring and adding (i) and (ii), we have
(x + a)2n + (x - a)2n = (P + Q)2 + (P - Q)2
= P2 + Q2 + 2PQ + p2 +Q2-2PQ
= 2P2+ 2Q2 =2 (P2+ Q2)
(ii)Multiplying (i) and (ii), we have
(x + a)n (x - a)n = (P + Q) (P - Q)
(x2-a2)n = P2- Q2.
10.
Here n = 9 which is odd
So the middle terms are \(\left( \frac { 9+1 }{ 2 } \right) and\left( \frac { 79+1 }{ 2 } +1 \right) \) th i.e. 5th and 6th terms.
The general term in the expansion of \(\left( 2x-\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) \)is
\({ T }_{ r+1 }=^{ 9 }{ C }_{ r }(2x)^{ a-r }\left( -\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 4 }\)
Putting r = 4 and 5 in (i)
\({ T }_{ 5 }=^{ 9 }{ C }_{ 4 }(2x)^{ 9-4 }\left( -\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 4 }=^{ 9 }{ C }_{ 4 }(2x)^{ 5 }(-1)^{ 4 }\left( \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 4 }\)
\(=\frac { 9! }{ 4!5! } \times 32{ x }^{ 5 }\times \frac { { x }^{ 8 } }{ 1296 } =\frac { 9\times 8\times 7\times 6 }{ 4\times 3\times 2\times 1 } \times 32{ x }^{ 5 }\times \frac { { x }^{ 8 } }{ 1296 } =\frac { 28 }{ 9 } x^{ 13 }\)
\({ T }_{ 6 }=^{ 9 }{ C }_{ 5 }(2x)^{ 9-5 }\left( -\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 5 }=^{ 9 }{ C }_{ 5 }(2x)^{ 4 }(-1)^{ 5 }\left( \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 5 }\)
\(=\frac { 9! }{ 5!4! } \times 16{ x }^{ 4 }\times \frac { { x }^{ 10 } }{ 7776 } =-\frac { 7 }{ 27 } { x }^{ 14 }\)
11.
We have (3x2 - 2ax + 3a2)3
=[(3x2- 2ax) + 3a2)]3
=3C0(3x2- 2ax)3 + 3C1(3x2 - 2ax)2 (3a2)+3C2(3x2- 2ax) (3a2)2+ 3C3(3a2)3
= (3x2 - 2ax)3 + 3 x 3a2 (3x2 - 2ax)2 + 3x 9a4 (3x2 - 2ax) + 27a6
= (27x6 - 8a3x3 - 54ax5 + 36a2x4) + 9a2 (9x4+ 4a2x2 - 12ax3) + 27a4 (3x2 - 2ax) + 27a6
= 27x6 - 108a3x3- 54ax5 + 36a2x4 + 81a2x4+ 36a4x2 - 108a3x3 + 81a4x2 - 54a5x + 27a6
= 27x6 - 54ax5 + 117a2x4 - 116a3x3
+ 117a4x2 - 54a5x + 27 a6
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