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Published on: 28/09/2019
Binomial Theorem
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1.
Find the term independent of x in the expansion of \(\left( 2x+\frac { 3 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 9 }\)
2.
Find a positive value of m for which the coefficient of x2 in the expansion (1 + x)m is 6
3.
Prove that the co-efficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is twice the co-efficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n - 1.
4.
Find the term independent of x in the expansion of \(\left( 3x-\frac { 2 }{ x^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 15 }\)
5.
Find the coefficient of x40 in the expansion of (1 + x2 + 2x)20.
6.
Find the coefficient of x6 in the expansion \(\left( x-\frac { { 1 } }{ 6^2 } \right) ^{ 24 }\) .
7.
Find the 4th term in the expansion of \(\left( 3x-\frac { { y }^{ 3 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 4 }\)
8.
Using binomial theorem for the expansion of (2x - 3)6
9.
Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + 3x)6 (1 - X)5
10.
Simplify (x + 2y)8 + (x - 2y)8
11.
Draw the shape of the hyperbola \(\frac { { y }^{ 2 } }{ 9 } -\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 27 } =1\) and find their centre, transverse axis, conjugate axis, value of c, vertices, directrices, foci,eccentricity and latusrectum.
12.
Find the middle term in the expansion of \(\left( \frac { 2x^{ 2 } }{ 3 } +\frac { 3 }{ { 2x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 10 }.\)
13.
If the third term in the expansion of \(\left( \frac { 1 }{ x } +x^{ log10^{ x } } \right) ^{ 5 }\) is 1000, then find x.
14.
Evaluate the following terms. 5th term from the end in the expansion of \(\left( x-\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 12 }.\)
15.
Prove that \(\overset { n }{ \underset { r=0 }{ \Sigma } } { 3 }^{ r }\quad ^{ n }{ C }_{ r }={ 4 }^{ n }\)
1.
Comparing \(\left( 2x+\frac { 3 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 9 }\)with (a+ b)n,
we have
a = 2x, b = \(\frac { 3 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \) and n = 9
We know that
Tr+ 1 = nCran-r br
∴ Tr+1 = 9Cr (2x)9-r\((\frac { 3 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } )^r\)
= 9Cr(2)9-r (3)rx9-3r
Now 9 - 3r = 0 ⇒ 3r = 9 ⇒ r = 3
Thus T3+ 1 i.e. T4 is the term independent of x, which is equal to 9C3(2)6(3)3=19736
2.
Here coefficient of x2 in (1 + x)m = mC2=6
∴ \(\frac{m(m-1)}{2}=6\)
⇒ m2- m = 12
⇒ m2- m-12 = 0
⇒ m2 - 4m + 3m - 12 = 0
⇒ m(m - 4) + 3(m - 4) = 0
⇒ (m - 4) (m + 3) = 0
Either m - 4 = 0 or m + 3 = 0
⇒ m = 4 or m =-3
So positive value of mis 4.
3.
We know that coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n
\(=^{ 2n }{ C }_{ n }=\frac { (2n)! }{ n!n! } =\frac { 2n(2n-1)! }{ n(n-1)!n! } \)
\(=2\frac { (2n-1)! }{ (n-1)!n! } ...(i)\)
Also the coefficient of xn is the expansion of (1 + x)2n-1
\(=^{ 2n-1 }{ C }_{ n }=\frac { (2n-1)! }{ (n-1)!n! } ...(ii)\)
From (t) and (ii) we see that coefficient of xn in (1 + x)2n is twice the coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n - 1.
4.
The general term in the expansion of \(\left( 3x-\frac { 2 }{ x^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 15 }\) is
\({ T }_{ r+1 }=^{ 15 }C_{ r }{ (3x) }^{ 15-r }\left( -\frac { 2 }{ x^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ r }=^{ 15 }C_{ r }{ (3x) }^{ 15-r }.x^{ 15-r }.(-1)^{ r }.\frac { { 2 }^{ r } }{ { x }^{ 2r } } \)
=15Cr(3)15-r(-1)r.2r.x15-3r
Putting r = 5 \({ T }_{ 6 }=^{ 15 }C_{ 5 }{ (3) }^{ 15-5 }\left( -1 \right) ^{ 5 }2^{ 5 }=-\frac { 15! }{ 5!10! } \times { 3 }^{ 10 }.{ 2 }^{ 5 }\)
\(=\frac { 15\times 14\times 13\times 12\times 11 }{ 5\times 4\times 3\times 2\times 1 } \times 59049\times 32=-5674372704\)
5.
Here (1 + x2 + 2x)20 = [(1 + x)2]20= (1 + x)40
The general term in the expansion of (1 + x)40 is
Tr+1 = 40Crrr
Putting r = 40 T41 = 40C40x40
∴ Co-efficient of x40 = 40C40=1.
6.
Comparing \(\left( x-\frac { { 1 } }{ 6^2 } \right) ^{ 24 }\)with(a+b)n,
we have
a = x, b =\(\left( -\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) \)and n=24
We know that
Tr+1=nCran-rbr
\(\therefore \) Tr+1=24Crx24-r .\(\left( -\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^r\)
Now 24 -3r=6
\(\Rightarrow \)3r = 24 - 6 \(\Rightarrow \) r = 6
\(\therefore \) Coefficient of x6 = 24C6(- 1)6
= 24C6=\(\frac { 24! }{ 18!6! } \)
7.
Comparing \(\left( 3x-\frac { { y }^{ 3 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 4 }\)with (a + b)n,
we have
a = 3x,b = -\(\frac { { y }^{ 3 } }{ 6 } \)and n=4
Now T4=nC3(3x)4-3\(\left( \frac { -{ y }^{ 3 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 3 }\)
= 4C3(3X)4- 3\(\frac { { y }^{ 9 } }{ 216 } \)=\(\frac { {-x y }^{ 9 } }{ 18 } \)
= Thus 4th term in the expansion of \(\left( 3x-\frac { { y }^{ 3 } }{ 6 } \right) ^{ 4 }\)is \(\frac { {-x y }^{ 9 } }{ 18 } \) .
8.
Using binomial theorem for the expansion of (2x - 3)6 , we have
(2x -3)6 = 6Co(2x)6 + 6C1(2x)5(-3) + 6C2(2x)4(-3)2 + 6C3(2x)3(-3)3 + 6C4(2x)4(-3)4 + 6C52x5(-3)2 + 6C6(-3)6
= 64x6 + 6.32x5(-3) + 15.16x4.9 + 20.8x3(-27) + 15.4x2.81 + 6.2x(-243) + 729
= 64x6 - 576x5 + 2160x4 - 4320x3 + 4860x2 - 2916x + 729
9.
(1+ 3X)6 (1 - X)5
= [6C0 (3x)0 + 6C1 (3X)1 + 6C2 (3X)2+6C3 (3x)3 + 6C4 (3X)4 + 6C5 (3x)5+ 6C6 (3x)6]
[5C0 (-x)0 + 5C1 (-x)1+ 5C2 (-x)2 + 5C3 (-x)3 + 5C4 (-X)4+ 5C5 (-X)5]
= [1 + 6 x 3x + 15 X 9x2 + 20 x 27x3 + 15 x 81x4 + 6 x 243x5 + 729x6]
[1 - 5x + 10x2 - 10x3 + 5x4- x5]
Coefficient of x5
= -1 + 90 -1350 + 5400 - 6075 + 1458 = 6948 -7426 = - 478
10.
(x + 2y)8 + (x - 2y)8
= 2 [8C0x8+ 8C2x6 (2y)2 + 8C4 X4 (2y)4+ 8C6x2 (2y)6 + 8C8(2y)8]
\(\therefore \) (x + a)n + (x - a)n
2 [nc0 xn + nC2 xn - 2 a2+ nC4 xn - 4 a4 + ...]
\(\Rightarrow \)(x + 2y)8 + (x - 2y)B8
=[x8+ 28x6 X 4y2 + 70 x4X 16y4 + 28x2 x 64 y6 + 256y8]
= 2 [x8+ 112x6y2 + 1120x4y4 + 1792x2y6 + 256y8]
11.
Given equation of hyperbola is \(\frac { { y }^{ 2 } }{ 9 } -\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 27 } =1\)
On comparing with \(\frac { { y }^{ 2 } }{ { a }^{ 2 } } -\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ { b }^{ 2 } } =1\) we get
a2=9, b2=27 or \(a=3,b=3\sqrt { 3 } \)
(ii) Centre (0,0)
(iii) Transverse axis, \(2a=2\times 3=6\)
(iv) Conjugate axis, \(2b=2\times 3\sqrt { 3 } =6\sqrt { 3 } \)
(v) Value of \(c=\sqrt { { a }^{ 2 }+{ b }^{ 2 } } =\sqrt { 9+27 } =\sqrt { 36 } =6\)
(vi) Vertices = \((0,\pm a)=(0,\pm 3)\)
(vii) Directions, \(y=\pm \frac { { a }^{ 2 } }{ c } =\pm \frac { 9 }{ 6 } =\pm \frac { 3 }{ 2 } \)
(viii) Foci = \((0,\pm c)=(0,\pm 6)\)
(ix) Eccentricity, \(e=\frac { c }{ a } =\frac { 6 }{ 3 } =2\)
(x) Length of latusrectum \(=\frac { { 2b }^{ 2 } }{ a } =\frac { 2\times 27 }{ 3 } =18\)
12.
Here, value of index n is 10 (even), therefore there is only one middle term given by \({ T }_{ \frac { 10 }{ 2 } +1 }\) i.e. T6.
Now, \({ T }_{ 6 }={ T }_{ 5+1 }=^{ 10 }C_{ 5 }\left( \frac { { 2x }^{ 2 } }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 10-5 }\left( \frac { 3 }{ { 2x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 5 }[\because T_{ r+1 }=^{ n }{ C }_{ r }{ a }^{ n-r }{ b }^{ r }]\)
\(=^{ 10 }{ C }_{ 5 }\left( \frac { 2x^{ 2 } }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 5 }\left( \frac { 3 }{ 2x^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 5 }=\frac { 10.9.8.7.6 }{ 5.4.3.2.1 } .\frac { { 2 }^{ 5 }.{ x }^{ 10 } }{ { 3 }^{ 5 } } .\frac { 3^{ 5 } }{ { 2 }^{ 5 }.{ x }^{ 10 } } =252\)
which is independent of x.
13.
Given, T3=1000
\(\Rightarrow ^{ 5 }{ C }_{ 2 }\left( \frac { 1 }{ x } \right) ^{ 5-2 }({ x }^{ \log { 10\quad x } })^{ 2 }=1000\)
\(\Rightarrow 10{ (x^{ \log { 10\quad x } })^{ 2 }\times { x }^{ -3 }=1000\Rightarrow x^{ 2log10\quad x }\times { x }^{ -3 }=100 }\)
\(\Rightarrow { x }^{ 2\quad log10\quad x-3 }={ 10 }^{ 2 }\)
\(\Rightarrow 2{ log }_{ 10 }\quad x-3={ log }_{ x }10^{ 2 }\)
\(\Rightarrow 2{ log }_{ 10 }\quad x-3=\frac { 2 }{ { log }_{ 10 }x } \)
\(\Rightarrow 2y-3=\frac { 2 }{ y } ,where\quad y=log_{ 10 }x\)
\( \Rightarrow 2y^{ 2 }-3y-2=0\Rightarrow (2y+1)(y-2)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow y=2\quad or\quad y=-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \Rightarrow { log }_{ 10 }x=2\quad or\quad { log }_{ 10 }x=-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
\( \Rightarrow x={ 10 }^{ 2 } \ or \ x=10^{ -1/2 }\)
\(\therefore \) x = 100 or \(x=\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 10 } } \)
14.
The 5th term from the end in the expansion of \(\left( x-\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 12 }\) = The (12-5+2)th
i.e. 9th term from the beginning in the expansion of \(\left( x-\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 12 }\)
[\(\because \) pth term from the end = (n-p+2)th term from the beginning]
Now, \({ T }_{ 8+1 }=^{ 12 }{ C }_{ 8 }(x)^{ 12-8 }\left( -\frac { 1 }{ x^{ 2 } } \right) ^{ 8 }\)
\(=^{ 12 }{ C }_{ 4 }{ x }^{ 4 }(-1)^{ 8 }.\frac { 1 }{ x^{ 16 } } \)
\(=\frac { 12\times 11\times 10\times 9 }{ 4\times 3\times 2\times 1 } \times x^{ 4-16 }=495{ x }^{ -12 }=\frac { 495 }{ { x }^{ 12 } } \)
15.
Use(1+x)n = nCo+ nC1x + nC2x2 + nC3x3+......+nCnxn
We have, \(\overset { n }{ \underset { r=0 }{ \Sigma } } \quad ^{ n }{ C }_{ r }\times { 3 }^{ r }=^{ n }{ C }_{ o }{ 3 }^{ o }+^{ n }{ C }_{ 1 }{ 3 }+^{ n }{ C }_{ 2 }{ 3 }^{ 2 }+^{ n }{ C }_{ 3 }{ 3 }^{ 3 }+...+^{ n }{ C }_{ n }{ 3 }^{ n }\) [on putting r=0, 1, 2,....,n]
\(^{ n }{ C }_{ o }+^{ n }{ C }_{ 1 }3+^{ n }{ C }_{ 2 }{ 3 }^{ 2 }+^{ n }{ C }_{ 3 }{ 3 }^{ 3 }+...+^{ n }{ C }_{ n }{ 3 }^{ n }\)
\(=(1+3)^{ n }\quad \left[ \because \left( 1+x \right) ^{ n }=^{ n }{ C }_{ o }+^{ n }{ C }_{ 1 }x+^{ n }{ C }_{ 2 }{ x }^{ 2 }+...+^{ n }{ C }_{ n }{ x }^{ n } \right] \)
= 4n
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