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Published on: 16/12/2019
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
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1.
Prove that the following complex number is purely real: \(\left[ \frac { 3+2i }{ 2-3i } \right] +\left[ \frac { 3-2i }{ 2+3i } \right] \)
2.
Solve the equation 2x2-(3+7i)-(3-9i)=0
3.
Solve the quadratic equation 13x2+ 7x + 1 = 0.
4.
Solve the quadratic equation 8x2 - 9x + 3 = 0.
5.
Find real \(\theta\) such that \(\frac{3+2isin\theta}{1-2isin\theta}\) is purely real.
6.
Find the multiplicative inverse of the following complex number cos \(\theta \)+i sin \(\theta \)
7.
Find the multiplicative inverse of the following complex number 3+2i
8.
Express each of these complex numbers in the form a + ib: \(\frac { 1 }{ 1-cos\theta +2i\quad sin\quad \theta } \)
9.
Simplify the following
(2i)3
10.
Find the conjugate of (6 + 5i )2
11.
Solve that equation \(\left| z \right| =z+1+2i\).
12.
If f(z) = \(\frac { 7-z }{ 1-{ z }^{ 2 } } \) where z= 1 + 2i , then find \(|f(z)|\)
13.
Find the square root of \(-2+2\sqrt {3}i.\)
14.
Solve x2- 2x +\(\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \) = 0
15.
Convert the complex numbers in polar form \(\sqrt { 3 } +i\)
1.
\(\left[ \frac { 3+2i }{ 2-3i } \right] +\left[ \frac { 3-2i }{ 2+3i } \right] \)
= \(\frac { 3+2i }{ 2-3i } \times \frac { 2+3i }{ 2+3i } +\frac { 3-2i }{ 2+3i } \times \frac { 2-3i }{ 2-3i } \)
= \(\frac { 6+13i+6{ i }^{ 2 } }{ 4-{ 9i }^{ 2 } } +\frac { 6-13i+6{ i }^{ 2 } }{ 4-{ 9i }^{ 2 } } \)
= \(\frac { 6+13i+6{ i }^{ 2 }+6-13i+6{ i }^{ 2 } }{ 4-9 } \)
= \(\frac { 12+12{ i }^{ 2 } }{ 13 } =\frac { 12-12 }{ 13 } =0\) [∵ i2=-1]
Which is purely real
2.
\(\frac { 3+i }{ 2 } and\quad 3i\)
3.
\(\frac{-7}{26}\pm\frac{\sqrt 3}{26}i\)
4.
\(\frac{9}{16}\pm\frac{\sqrt {15}}{16}i\)
5.
We have , \(\frac{3+2isin\theta}{1-2isin\theta}=\frac{(3+2i\ sin\theta)}{(1-2i\ sin\theta)}\times\frac{(1+2i\ sin\theta)}{1+2i\ sin\theta}\)
\(=\frac{(3-4\ sin\theta)+(6\ sin\theta+2\ sin\theta)i}{1-4\ sin^2\theta}=\frac{(3-4sin\theta)}{1+4sin^2\theta}+\frac{8sin\theta i}{1+4sin^2\theta}\)
Since \(\frac{3+2isin\theta}{1-2isin\theta}\) is purely real.
\(\therefore\frac{8sin\theta}{1+4sin^2\theta}=0\Rightarrow8sin\theta=0\Rightarrow sin\theta=0\Rightarrow \theta=n\pi,n \in Z\)
6.
cos \(\theta \)-i sin \(\theta \)
7.
\(\frac { 3 }{ 13 } -\frac { 2i }{ 13 } \)
8.
\(\left[ \frac { 1-cos\theta }{ 2-2cos\theta +3sin^{ 2 }\theta } \right] +i\left[ \frac { -2sin\theta }{ 2-2cos\theta +3sin^{ 2 }\theta } \right] \)
9.
8i
10.
z = (6 + 5i )2 = 36 - 25 + 60i = 11 + 60i
= 11 - 60i
11.
\(Put\quad z=x+iy\)
\(\therefore \quad \left| x+iy \right| =(x+iy)+1+2i\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ y }^{ 2 } } =(x+1)+i(y+2)\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ y }^{ 2 } } =x+1\quad and\quad y+2=0\)
Ans. \(\frac { 3 }{ 2 } -2i\)
12.
\(\frac { 2-i }{ 2 } \)
13.
Let \(x+yi=\sqrt {-2+2\sqrt {3}i}\)
Squaring both sides, we get
x2-y2+2xyi=\(-2+2\sqrt {3}i\)
Comparing the real and imaginary parts
x2-y2=-2.....(i)
2xy=\(2\sqrt 3\) \(\Rightarrow\) xy = \(\sqrt 3\)
Now, from the identity, we know
(x2+y2)2=(x2-y2)2+4x2y2
=(-2)2+4(\(\sqrt 3\))2=4+12=16
\(\therefore x^2+y^2=4\)........(ii)[neglecting (-) sign as x2-y2>0]
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
x2=1 and y2=3
\(\therefore x=\pm1\ and y=\pm\sqrt 3\)
Since the sign of xy is (+)
\(\therefore\) if x=1,\(y=\sqrt 3\)
and if x=-1, \(y=-\sqrt 3\)
\(\therefore\sqrt {-2+2\sqrt{3}i}=\pm(1+\sqrt 3i)\).
14.
Here x2-2x+\(\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \) =0
Comparing the given quadratic equation with ax2+bx+c =0, we have
a=1, b=-2 and =\(\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \)
∴ x= \(\frac { (-2)\pm \sqrt { (-2)^{ 2 }-4\times 1\times \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } }{ 2\times 1 } \)
= \(\frac { 2\pm \sqrt { 4-6 } }{ 2 } =\frac { 2\pm \sqrt { -2 } }{ 2 } \)
= \(\frac { 2\pm \sqrt { 2 } i }{ 2 } =1+\frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ 2 } i\)
Thus x = \(1+\frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ 2 } i\) and x = 1 -\(\frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ 2 } i\)
15.
Here z=\(\sqrt { 3 } \)+1 = r (cos\(\theta \)+i sin\(\theta \))
⇒ r cos\(\theta \) =\(\sqrt { 3 } \) and r sin\(\theta \) =1 ..(i)
Squaring both sides of (i) and adding
r2(cos2\(\theta \)+sin2\(\theta \))=3+1
⇒ r2= 4⇒ r =2
∴ 2 cos \(\theta \)=\(\sqrt { 3 } \)and 2 sin \(\theta \)=1
∴ cos\(\theta \)=\(\frac { \sqrt { 3 } }{ 2 } \)and sin\(\theta \) =\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
Since sin\(\theta \) and cos\(\theta \) are both positive
∴ \(\theta \) lies in first quadrant
∴ \(\theta \) = \(\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \)
Hence polar form of z is 2\(\left( cos\frac { \pi }{ 6 } +isin\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \right) \)
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