Starch consists of two components i.e., unbranched spirally coiled amylose molecules and branched amylopectin molecules. Both are glucose polymers hence it is called as homopolysaccharide.

Proteins act5s as a carrier protein in the following ways
(i) Some proteins act as carrier which bind and transport specific molecules across a membrane or in a body fluid.
(ii) Haemoglobin of RBCs transports oxygen in the body.
(iii) Myoglobin of muscles store oxygen.
(iv) Serum albumin carries fatty acids and lipids in the blood.

A system at equilibrium cannot work. But, living organisms have to work continuously and cannot afford to reach equilibrium, so living state is a non-equilibrium steady-state.

Gums are sticky breakdown products of plants cell with consisting of polysacharides and pectins which excude from the wounds in the bark. They are generally water soluble.
Fevicol is a synthetic sticky substance called resin. Resins are insoluble in water.

In mouth, salivary amylase vhanges starch to maltose. Action of amylase stops in stomach as it cannot act in acidic medium.

A nucleoside consists of a nitrogen base and a pentose sugar, but when a phosphate is added to the nucleoside, it is called nucleotide, hence, a nucleotide is a phosphorylated nucleoside.

Amino acids are substituted methanes because they contain four substituent groups, hydrogen, carboxyl group, amino group and a variable group (R), these substituents are present on the \(\alpha -\)carbon and hence, are called \(\alpha -\) amino acids.

Polyunsaturated oils contain fatty acids having one or more double bonds, the clotting property of blood decreases due to high proportions of PUFA. Thus, the possibility of blockage is reduced.

Cholesterol is a crystallisable lipid of high molecular weight which possesses 17 carbon nucleus of four fused hydrocarbon rings (cyclopentane perhydrophenanthrene) and a long side chain. Cholesterol is insoluble in water and therefore, when cholesterol level rises in blood, it tends to get deposited in the wall of arteries. This causes arteriosclerosis. 

The hydrocarbon chains of the two fatty acid function as hydrophobic non-polar tails of the phospholipid molecule. The phosphate and the additional group behave as hydrophilic polar head of the molecule. In the aqueous medium, the phospholipid molecules arrange themselves to form a thin double layer. The polar hydrophilic heads of the molecules form the two surfaces which are in contact with water. The hydrophobic or non-polar tails of the phospholipid molecules are towards the centre of the bilayer.