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Published on: 27/05/2021
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1.
A box contains some identical red coloured balls, labelled as A, each weighing 2 g. Another box contains identical blue coloured balls, labelled as B1 each weighing 5 g. Consider the combinations AB, AB2, A2 B and A2B3 and shows that law of multiple proportion is applicable.
2.
If two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in whole number ratio.
(i) Is this statements true ?
(ii) If yes, according to which law ?
(iii) Give one example related to this law.
3.
If 4g of NaOH dissolves in 36g of H2O, calculate the mole fraction of each component in the solution. Also, determine the molarity of solution (specific gravity of solution is 1 g mL-1).
4.
45.4 L of dinitrogen reacted with 22.7 L of dioxygen and 45.4 L nitrous oxide was formed. The reaction is given below
2 N2(g) + O2(g) \(\longrightarrow \) 2 N2O (g)
Which law is being obeyed in this experiment? Write the statement of the law.
5.
A measured temperature on Fahrenheit scale is 200o F. What will this reading be on Celsius scale?
1.
| Combination | Mass of A (g) | Mass of B (g) |
| AB | 2 | 5 |
| AB2 | 2 | 10 |
| A2B | 4 | 5 |
| A2B3 | 4 | 15 |
Mass of B which is combined with fixed mass of A (say 1 g) will be 2.5 g, 5 g, 1.25 g and 3.75 g in AB, AB2, A2B and A2B3 respectively. They are in the ratio 2 : 4 : 1 : 3. which is simple whole number ratio. Hence, the law of multiple proportion is applicable.
2.
(i) Yes
(ii) According to the law of multiple proportions.
(iii) \( \mathrm{H}_{2}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \\ 2 \mathrm{~g} \quad 16 \mathrm{~g} \quad 18 \mathrm{~g} \)
\(\mathrm{H}_{2}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2} \\ 2 \mathrm{~g} \quad 32 \mathrm{~g} \quad34 \mathrm{~g} \)
Here, masses of oxygen, (i.e. 16 g in H2 O and 32 g in H2 O2) which combine with fixed mass of hydrogen (2 g) are in the simple ratio i.e. 16 : 32 or 1 : 2.
3.
To proceed the calculation, first, calculate the number of moles of NaOH and H2O
Then, find mole fraction of NaOH and H2O by using the
formula \({ { X }_{ NaOH }= }\frac { \eta _{ NaOH } }{ \eta _{ NaOH }+{ \eta }_{ { H }_{ 2 }O } } \left( orX_{ { H }_{ 2 }O }\frac { { \eta }_{ { H }_{ 2 }O } }{ \eta _{ NaOH }+{ \eta }_{ { H }_{ 2 }O } } \right) \)
Then calculate molarity \(=\frac { W\times 1000 }{ m\times V } \) so in order to calculate molarity we reqiure volume of solution which is, \(V=\frac { m }{ specific \ gravity } \)
Number of moles of NaOH, \(\eta _{ NaOH }=\frac { 4 }{ 40 } =0.1mol \ \left\{ \because n=\frac { Mass(g) }{ Molar \ mass(gmol^{ -1 }) } \right\} \)
Similarly, \(\eta _{ { H }_{ 2 }O }=\frac { 36 }{ 18 } =2 \ mol\)
Mole fraction of NaOH,
\(X_{ NaOH }=\frac { moles \ of \ NaOh }{ moles \ of \ NaOH+moles \ of \ { H }_{ 2 }O }\)
\( X_{ NaOH }=\frac { 0.1 }{ 0.1+2 } =0.0476\)
Similarly, \(X_{ { H }_{ 2 }O }=\frac { { \eta }_{ H_{ 2 }O } }{ { \eta }_{ NaOH }+{ \eta }_{ { H }_{ 2 }O } } =\frac { 2 }{ 0.1+2 } =0.9524\)
Total ,mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent
= 4 + 36 = 40 g
Volume of solution
\(=\frac { mass \ of \ solution }{ specific \ gravity } =\frac { 40g }{ 1 \ gm{ L }^{ -1 } } =40 \ mL\)
Similarly,\(=\frac { mole \ of \ solute\times 1000 }{ volume \ of \ solution(mL) } =\frac { 0.1\times 1000 }{ 40 } =2.5M\)
4.
\( 2 \mathrm{~N}_{2}(g) +\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g}) \\ 2 \mathrm{~V} \quad \quad\quad 1 \mathrm{~V} \quad \quad \quad 2 \mathrm{~V} \)
45.4 L \(\longrightarrow \) 22.7 L \(\longrightarrow \) 45.4 L
\(\frac { 45.4 }{ 22.7 } = 2\) \(\frac { 22.7 }{ 22.7 } = 1\) \(\frac { 45.4 }{ 22.7 } = 2\)
Hence, the ratio between the volume of the rectants and the product in the given question is simple
i.e. 2: 1 : 2. It proves the Gay Lussac's law of gaseous volumes.
For Gay Lussac's law of gaseous volumes.
5.
There are three common scales to measure temperature oC (degree celsius), oF(degree Fahrenheit) and K (kelvin). The K is the SI unit.
The temperature on two scales are related to each other by the following relationship \(^{ 0 }F=\frac { 9 }{ 5 } t^{ 0 }C+32\)
Putting the values in above equation.
\(200-32=\frac { 9 }{ 5 } t^{ 0 }C\Rightarrow \frac { 9 }{ 5 } t^{ 0 }C=168\)
\(\Rightarrow \ t^{ 0 }C=\frac { 168\times 5 }{ 9 } =93.3^{ 0 }C\)
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