(a) A stack named FruitStack, implemented using list, contains records of some fruits. Each record is represented as a dictionary with keys 'Name', 'Origin', 'Price', and 'Expiry'. A sample record is given here:

{'Name': 'Apple', 'Origin': 'France', 'Price': 120, 'Expiry' : '12-08-2025'}

Write the following user-defined functions in Python to perform the specified operations on FruitStack:

(i) push_fruit(FruitStack, Fruit) This function takes the stack FruitStack and a new record Fruit as arguments and pushes the record stored in Fruit onto FruitStack if the Price is less than 100.

(ii) pop_fruit(FruitStack) This function pops the topmost record from the stack and returns it. If the stack is already empty, the function should display "UNDERFLOW".

(iii) display(FruitStack) This function displays all the elements of the stack starting from the topmost element. If the stack is empty, the function should display 'EMPTY STACK'.

Or

(b) Write a Python program to accept 10 integers from the user. If the entered number is a three-digit even integer, push it onto a stack. After all inputs are taken, pop all the three-digit even integers from the stack and display them. For example, if the user enters 12, 31, 320, 457, 6, 92, 924, 220, 1, 218, then the stack should contain:

320, 924, 220, 218

and the output of the program should be:

218 220 924 320

Write a function in Python PUSH(Arr), where Arr is a list of numbers. From this list push all numbers divisible by 5 into a stack implemented by using a list. Display the stack if it has at least one element, otherwise display appropriate error message.

Alam has a list containing 10 integers. You need to help him create a program with separate user the given defined functions to perform operations based on this list.
Traverse the content of the list and push the even numbers into a stack. Pop and display the content of the stack.
For example, If the sample content of the list is as follows

N=[12,13, 34, 56, 21, 79, 98, 22, 35, 38]

Sample Output of the code should be:

38 22 98 56 34 12

N=[12, 13, 34, 56, 21, 79, 98, 22, 35, 38]

(a) A stack, named ClrStack, contains records of some colors. Each record is represented as a tuple containing four elements ColorName, RED, GREEN, BLUE. ColorName is a string and RED, GREEN, BLUE are integers. For example, a record in the stack may be ('Yellow', 237, 250, 68)

Write the following user-defined functions in Python to perform the specified operations on ClrStack:

(i) push_Clr (ClrStack, new_Clr) This function takes the stack ClrStack and a new record new_Clr as arguments and pushes this new record onto the stack.

(ii) pop_Clr (ClrStack) This function pops the topmost record from the stack and returns it. If the stack is already empty, the function should display the message "Underflow".

(iii) isEmpty (ClrStack) This function checks whether the stack is empty. If the stack is empty, the function should return True, otherwise the function should return False.

Or

(b) Write the following user-defined functions in Python:

(i) push_trail (N,myStack) Here N and mystack are lists and myStack represents a stack. The function should push the last 5 elements from the list N onto the stack myStack. For example, if the list N is [1,2,3,4,5,6,7], then the function push_trail( ) should push the elements 3,4,5,6,7 onto the stack. Therefore the value of stack will be [3,4,5,6,7]. Assume that N contains at least 5 elements.

(ii) pop_one (myStack) The function should pop an element from the stack myStack, and return this element. If the stack is empty, then the function should display the message 'Stack Underflow', and return None.

(iii) display_all (myStack) The function should display all the elements of the stack myStack, without deleting them. If the stack is empty, the function should
display the message 'Empty Stack'.

The stack Admissionstack [ ] is a list implement stack comprising of student records of the following structure: [Rno, Name, Class, Grade]

Define functions for the following:

(a) enterstack(slst) Function to push a student record to the stack only if the student has grade "A".

(b) getstack( ) Function to pop and show the topmost student of the stack.

(c) peepstack( ) Function to display all the student records without removing any record.

Or

(i) Define the operations possible on a stack.

(ii) Define a function push2_5( ) to push numbers into a stack , only if the numbers

end with 2 or 5

Sukanya has created a dictionary containing names and marks as key value pairs of 6 students. Write a program, with separate user defined functions to perform the following operations:

(A) (i) Push the keys (name of the student) of the dictionary into a stack, where the corresponding value (marks) is greater than 75.

(ii) Pop and display the content of the stack. For example If the sample content of the dictionary is as follows

R={"OM":76, "JAI":45, "B0B": 89, "ALI" : 65, "ANU" : 90, "TOM" : 82}

The output from the program should be
TOM ANU BOB OM

Or

(B) Write a program to accept as many city names from the user and push them into a stack, only if the city names are palindromes.

(A palindrome is a word which is same as its reverse).

(a) A dictionary Emp contains names and salaries of employees. Write Python functions to perform the following operations using a stack Stack:

(i) push_emp(Stack, EmpDict) Push the names of employees whose salary is greater than 50,000 onto the stack.

(ii) pop_emp(Stack) Pop and return the topmost element. If the stack is empty, display "Stack Underflow".

(iii) display_emp(Stack) Display all elements of the stack without deleting them. If the stack is empty, display "Empty Stack".

Example:

Emp = {"John":60000, "Amy":45000,

"Raj":55000, "Sara":40000}

Stack after pushing: ["John", "Raj"]

Or

(b) A list NumList contains integers. Write Python functions to:

(i) push_even(Stack, NumList) Push all even numbers from the list onto the stack.

(ii) pop_num(Stack) Pop and return the topmost number. If the stack is empty, display "Stack Underflow".

(iii) display_stack(Stack) Display all numbers without deleting them. If the stack is empty, display "Empty Stack".

Example:

NumList= [12, 17, 20, 33, 50]

Stack after pushing: [12, 20, 50]

(a) Riya is developing a Python program to help her teacher manage the names of students who have submitted their homework. She uses a stack named HWStack to store the student names.

Write a Python function manage_homework(names) that performs the following operations:

(i) Pushes each name from the list names onto the stack.

(ii) Displays all names popped from the stack one by one, until the stack becomes empty, followed by the message "No more submissions left!"

For example:

If names = ["Amit", "Neha", "Karan"]

Output should be:

Karan

Neha

Amit

No more submissions left!

Or

(b) Write a Python program to manage the stack of recently opened files in a text editor.

Perform the following operations using functions:

(i) push_file(FileStack, filename) To add a new file to the top of the stack.

(ii) pop_file(FileStack) To remove and display the most recently opened file.

If the stack becomes empty after popping, display "No files left to close!"

(a) A list contains following record of customer:

[Customer_name, Room Type]

Write the following user defined functions to perform given operations on the stack named 'Hotel'

(i) Push_Cust ( ) To Push customers' names of those customers who are staying in 'Delux' Room Type.

(ii) Pop_Cust ( ) To Pop the names of customers from the stack and display them. Also, display "Underflow" when there are no customers in the stack.

For example:

If the lists with customer details are as follows:

[" Siddarth","Delux"]

["Rahul","Standard"]

["Jerry","Delux"]

The stack should contain

Jerry

Siddharth

The output should be:

Jerry

Siddharth

Underflow

Or

(b) Write a function in Python, Push (Vehicle) where, Vehicle is a dictionary containing details of vehicles - {Car_Name: Maker}.

The function should push the name of car manufactured by 'TATA' (including all the possible cases like Tata, TaTa, etc.) to the stack.

For example:

If the dictionary contains the following data

Vehicle={"Santro": "Hyundai", "Nexon":

"TATA", "Safari": "TaTa"}

The stack should contain

Safari

Nexon

A list, NList contains following record as list elements:

[City, Country, distance from Delhi]

Each of these records are nested together to form a nested list. Write the following user defined functions in Python to perform the specified operations on the stack named travel.

(i) Push_element(NList) It takes the nested list as an argument and pushes a list object containing name of the city and country, which are not in India and distance is less than 3500 km from Delhi.

(ii) Pop_element( ) It pops the objects from the stack and displays them. Also, the function should display "Stack Empty" when there are no elements in the stack.

For example: If the nested list contains the following data

NList=[["New York", "U.S.A.", 11734],

["Naypyidaw", "Myanmar", 3219],

["Dubai", "UAE", 2194],

["London", "England", 6693],

["Gangtok", "India", 1580],

["Columbo", "Sri Lanka", 3405]]

The stack should contain

['Naypyidaw', 'Myanmar'],

['Dubai', 'UAE'],

['Columbo', 'Sri Lanka']

The output should be

['Columbo', 'Sri Lanka']

['Dubai', 'UAE']

['Naypyidaw', 'Myanmar']

Stack Empty

Consider a list named Nums which contains random integers.

Write the following user defined functions in Python and perform the specified operations on a stack named BigNums.

(i) PushBig ( ) It checks every number from the list Nums and pushes all such numbers which have 5 or more digits into the stack, BigNums.

(ii) PopBig ( ) It pops the numbers from the stack, BigNums and displays them. The function should also display "Stack Empty" when there are no more numbers left in the stack.

For example: If the list Nums contains the following data:

Nums = [213, 10025, 167, 254923, 14, 1297653, 31498, 386, 92765]

Then on execution of PushBig ( ), the stack BigNums should store :

[10025, 254923, 1297653, 31498, 92765]

And on execution of PopBig ( ), the following output should be displayed:

92765

31498

1297653

254923

10025

Stack Empty

(A) You have a stack named BooksStack that contains records of books. Each book record is represented as a list containing book_title, author_name, and publication_year.

Write the following user-defined functions in Python to perform the specified operations on the stack BooksStack:

(I) push_book(BooksStack, new_book) This function takes the stack BooksStack and a new book recordnew_book as arguments and pushes the new book record onto the stack.

(II) pop_book(BooksStack) This function pops the topmost book record from the stack and returns it.

If the stack is already empty, the function should display "Underflow".

(III) peep(BookStack) This function displays the topmost element of the stack without deleting it. If the stack is empty, the function should display 'None'.

Or

(B) Write a Python program to input an integer and display all its prime factors in descending order, using a stack.

For example, if the input number is 2100, the output should be: 7 5 5 3 2 2 (because prime factorization of 2100 is 7 × 5×5×3×2×2)

Hint Smallest factor, other than 1, of any integer is guaranteed to be prime.

A stack NumStack contains numbers [10, 20, 30, 40]. Perform the following operations:

1. Pop the top element

2. Push 50

Rohit has a stack named BooksStack to manage his reading list. Each book is represented as [Book_Title, Author_Name, Year]. Perform the following operations:

1. Push ["Python Basics", "John Smith", 2021].

2. Push ["Data Structures", "Alice Brown", 2019].

3. Display the topmost book.

Consider the following stack of characters, where STACK is allocated N= 8 memory cells.

STACK : A,C,D,F,K, ..., ..., ...

Describe the STACK at the end of the following operations. Here, Pop and Push are algorithms for deleting and adding an element to the stack.

(i) Pop (STACK, ITEM)

(ii) Pop (STACK, ITEM)

(iii) Push (STACK, L)

(iv) Push (STACK, P)

(v) Pop (STACK, ITEM)

(vi) Push (STACK, R)

(vii) Push (STACK, S)

(viii) Pop (STACK, ITEM)

Write a program to create a Stack for storing only odd numbers out of all the numbers entered by the user. Display the content of the Stack along with the largest odd number in the Stack.

(Hint Keep popping out the elements from stack and maintain the largest element retrieved so far in a variable. Repeat till Stack is empty)

Write a program to reverse a string using stack.

Find the output of the following code:

(a) result=0

numberList=[10,20,30]

numberList.append(40)

result=result + numberList.pop()

result=result+numberList.pop()

print("Result=",result)

(b) answer=[ ];

output=" answer.append("T")

answer.append('A')

answer.append('M')

ch=answer.pop( )

output=output+ch

ch=answer.pop( )

output=output+ch

ch=answer.pop( )

output-output+ch

print("Result=",output)

Write the following user-defined functions in specified operations on Python to perform the the stack NumStack:

(I) push_num(NumStack, new_num) This function takes the stack NumStackand a new number as arguments and pushes the new number onto the stackonly if it is even

(II) pop_num(NumStack) This function pops the topmost number from the stack and returns it. If the stack is already empty, the function should display "Underflow".

(III) peep(NumStack) This function displays the topmost element of the stack without deleting it. If the stack is empty, the function should display 'None'.

Write a program to implement a stack for these book details (bookno, bookname). That is, now each item node of the stack contains two types of information - a bookno and its name. Just implement push and display operations.

A list containing records of products as

L= [(Laptop", 90000), ("Mobile, 30000), (“Pen'; 50), ("Headphones", 1500)]

Write the following user-defined functions to perform operations on a stack named Product to:

I. Push_element( ) - To push an item containing the product name and price of products costing more than 50 into the stack.

Output [('Laptop', 90000), ('Mobile', 30000), ('Headphones', 1500)]

II. Pop_element( ) To pop the items from the stack and display them. Also, display "Stack Empty" when there are no elements in the stack.

Output ('Headphones',1500)

('Mobile', 30000)

('Laptop', 90000)

Stack Empty

Write Add new(Book) and Remove(Book) methods in Python to Add a new Book and Remove a Book from a List of Books, considering them to act as PUSH and POP operations of the data structure stack.

Millions of computer science students have taken a course on algorithms and data structures, typically the second Course after the introductory programming course. One of the basic data structures in such a course is stack. The stack holds a special place in the emergence of computing as a science. The stack can be used in many computer applications, a few of which are listed below:

• In recursive function

• When function is called.

• Expression conversion such as - Infix to Postfix, Infix to Prefix, Postfix to Infix, Prefix to Infix.

In stack, insertion operation is known as Push whereas deletion operation is known as Pop.

Code l

def push (Country. N):

Country. ________(len (Country).N)) #Statement 1

#Function Calling

Country = [ ]

C-['Indian', 'USA'. 'UK'. 'Canada'. 'Sri Lanka']

for i in range (0. len(C). ______________ ): # Statement 2

push (Country. C[i])

print (Country)

Output

['Indian, 'UK', 'Sri Lanka']

Code 2

def pop (Country):

if ________________ : # Statement 3

return "Under flow"

else:

return Country. _________________() # Statement 4

# Function Calling

for i in range (len (Country) + 1):

print (____________) # Statement 5

Output

Sri Lanka

UK

Indian

Under flow

Fill the above statements based on given questions.

(i) Identify the suitable code for the blank of
Statement 1.

A .append( )

B .insert( )

C .extend( )

D .append(len (Country), N)

(ii) Fill the Statement 2, to insert the alternate element from Country list.

A 3

B 0

C -1

D 2

(iii) Fill the Statement 3, to check the stack is empty.

A Country = [ ]

B Country.isEmpty( )

C len(Country)==0

D None of these

(iv) Fill the Statement 4, to delete an element from the stack.

A pop(1)

B pop( )

C del country[1]

D Country.delete(1)

(v) Fill the Statement 5, to call the pop function.

A pop(C)

B pop(Country)

C call pop(Country)

D def pop(Country)

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Lists are the container which store the heterogeneous elements of any type as integer,
character, floating point elements of a list are represented by enclosing them in square brackets [ ].

Consider the following list Python

L=[13, 3.45, "Tree", "Amar" , [10, 8.91, "Apple"], 456]

(i) The output of L[-2]will be

A 10

B 8.91

C [10, 8.91, 'Apple']

D 3.45

(ii) To get value 8.91 from the list, the python statement will be

A L4][1]

B L[-2][-2]

C Both a) and b)

D None of these

(iii) The length of the list is

A 6

B 8

C 18

D None of these

(iv) print(len(L[2])==len(L[3]))will print

A False

B True

C Error

D None of these

(v) The output of print (L[1 :5:2]) will be

A [3.45, 'Amar]

B [3.45, Amar, 456]

C [3.45, 'Tree, Amar, 10, 8.91]

D Error