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Published on: 31/10/2025
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1.
Rohan's uncle works as a technical advisor in a renowned fabric company of our country. Rohan came to know that different kinds of fibres are the raw materials for fabric industry and put forward the following questions to his uncle when he came home.
Answer the following questions based on the situation described above.
(i) What can we obtain the fibres like wool, cotton, silk?
(ii) What are the different steps by which woollen fibres are converted into the yarn?
(iii) What is the use of yarn?
(iv) Name the animals from which we obtain different quality of wools other than sheep.
(v) How can the special characters like softness in the woollen fibre be obtained?
(vi) What values are displayed by Rohan?
2.
Complete the paragraph related to the history of silk moth by filling in the blanks.
The_______(a)________silk moth lays_______(b)__________, from which hatch _______(c)_______called_______(d)_________or________(e)_______.They grow in size and when caterpillar is ready to enter the next stage of its life history called ________(f)_______, it first weaves a covering to hold itself, which is known as________(g)_________..
3.
Explain the phrase - "Unity is Strength" on the basis of the making of fabric from fibre.
4.
Explain the rearing of silkworms.
5.
Give a brief account of wool manufacturing.
6.
Compare the burning characteristics of cotton, nylon, silk and wool.
7.
Ajay's father works in a wool industry. In his line of work, he does the job of sorting the fleece of sheep into fibres of different qualities. Ajay noticed that his father and other workers who were doing the similar kind of jobs faced a number of health problems. Ajay discussed this problem with his friends and he came to know that his father is getting health problems due to the nature of his work. Ajay is worried about his father's health. He advised his father to take care of their health and told him about the occupational hazards.
Now answer the following questions.
(a) What do you mean by occupational hazard?
(b) Name the disease that workers may at risk.
(c) What values are shown by Ajay?
8.
Neha went to the market with her mother to buy a silk saree for her grandmother. The shopkeeper was showing sarees of different varieties of silk but her mother wanted to take only a pure silk saree and not an artificial one. Neha was confused that how to distinguish between a pure silk and an artificial silk saree. But her mother helped her in selecting a pure silk saree for her grandmother and she was quite elated about that.
Now, answer the following questions:
(a) How her mother distinguished between pure silk saree and an artificial silk saree?
(b) Is the pure silk saree more costly than an artificial one?
(c) What values are shown by Neha's mother?
9.
Paheli went to the market to buy sarees for her mother. She took out a thread from the edge of the two sarees shown by the shopkeeper and burnt them. One thread burnt with a smell of burning hair and the other burnt with the smell of burning paper. Which thread is from a pure cotton saree and which one from a pure silk saree? Give reason for your answer.
1.
(i) We obtain wool from the fleece (hair) of sheep, cotton from cotton plant and silk from cocoons of siIk moth.
(ii) Step I - Shearing, Step II - Scouring, Step III - Sorting, Step IV - Fluffy fibres called burrs are picked out from hair, Step V- Dyeing of fibres, Step VI- Fibres are straightened, combed and rolled into yarn.
(iii) Yarns are used to knit sweaters.
(iv) Yak, Alpace, Llama, Angora goat, camel.
(v)By 'selective breeding' we can obtain the special characters is the woollen fibre.
(vi)Awareness regarding those animals who are used by human being for different types of clothing.
2.
(a) female
(b) eggs
(c)larvae
(d) caterpillars
(e) silkworms
(f) pupa
(g) cocoon
3.
Fibres and fabric play a large role in everyday application. A fibre is a hair-like strand of material. They are the smallest visible unit of a fabric and denoted by being extremely long in relation to their width. Fabric can be spun into yarn and made into fabric.A single fibre is too week to break but when it one made a fabric it is difficult to tear. Fabric needs more energy to tear apart as compared to single fibre.
4.
A female silk moth lays hundreds of eggs at a time. The eggs are stored on the strips of the cloth or paper and sold to silkworm farmers. The farmers keep eggs under hygienic condition at suitable temperature and humidity. At a particular temperature, the larvae hatch from eggs. This happens when mulberry trees bear a fresh crop of leaves. The larvae called caterpillars or silkworms, eat day and night and increase enormously in size. The worms are kept in clean bamboo trays along with the freshly chopped mulberry leaves. After 25-30 days start to spin cocoons. The cocoons get attached with twigs placed in the trays. The cocoons are boiled or exposed to stearn to separate silk fibres. Silk fibres are then spun into silk threads
5.
The wool is obtained from the hair of sheep in the following steps:
Step I-Shearing: The fleece of the sheep along with a thin layer of skin is removed from its body. Machines similar to those used by barbers are used to shave off hair. Usually, hair removed during the hot weather.
Step II-Scouring: The sheared skin with hair is thoroughly washed in tanks to remove grease, dust and dirt.
Step III-Sorting: The hairy skin is sent to a factory where hair of different textures are separated or sorted.
Step IV-The small fluffy fibres, called burrs are picked out from the hair. The fibres are scoured again and again and dried.
Step V-Fibres can be dyed in various colours.
Step VI-The fibres are straightened, combed and rolled into yarn. The long fibres are made into wool for sweaters and the shorter fibres are spun and woven into woollen clothes.
6.
| Fibre | Smell | Burning Characteristics | Residue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cotton | Burning paper | Burns with light smoke | Fine ash which crumble on touching |
| Nylon | Burning plastic | Melts and shrinks | Dry hard bead |
| Silk | Burning hair | Burns slowly | Silvery beads which easily crush to powder. |
| Wool | Burning hair | Burns slowly; stops burning when removed from the flame. | Brown shiny hollow beads which crumble on pressing |
7.
(a) The risks faced by people working in any industry due to the nature of their work are called occupational hazards.
(b) The people who do the job of sorting, sometimes, get infected by the bacteria called anthrax which cause a deadly blood disease called sorter's disease.
(c) Ajay is very caring, intelligent and sensible boy.
8.
(a) Neha's mother took a thread of natural silk fabric and another thread of artificial silk fabric and burn them separately. The thread which burns giving a smell of burning hair will be natural silk (or pure silk). The thread which burns giving a smell a burning paper will be an artificial silk.
(b) Yes, pure silk saree is more costly than an artificial one.
(c) Neha's mother is intelligent and knowledgeable.
9.
In first saree, one thread which burnt with a smell of burning hair is from pure silk, silk and hair are protein fibres. So, on burning these threads, a smell of burning hair comes out. In second saree, second thread which burnt with the smell of burning cotton and paper because cotton and paper both are carbohydrates and on burning they give similar smell.
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