Waterways are the cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances. They are mainly of two types - inland waterways and sea routes. Navigable rivers and lakes are used as inland waterways. For example, the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system, the Great Lakes in North America and the river Nile in Africa. Sea routes and oceanic routes are mostly used for transporting merchandise and goods from one country to another. These routes are connected with the ports.

This is the fastest way of transport developed in the early 20th century. It is also the most expensive due to high cost of fuels. Air traffic is adversely affected by bad weather like fog and storms. It is the only mode of transport to reach the most remote and distant areas especially where there are no roads and railways.

The place where a building or a settlement develops is called its site. The natural conditions for selection of an ideal site are
(i) favourable climate
(ii) availability of water
(iii) suitable land
(iv) fertile soil

The two merits of railways are
1. Carry people over long distances quickly and cheaply.
2. Carry heavy goods in bulk.

Names of Newspapers:
1. Hindusran Times (Eng.)
2. DainikJagaran (Hindi)
3. Nav Bharat Times (Hindi)
4. Dinathanrhi (Tamil)
5. Maryam Manorma (Malayalam)
T V News Channels:
1. D.D. News
2. Aaj Tak
3.Z News
4.NDTV
5.Sun TV (Tamil)
6.Asianet (Malayalam)

Transport is the means by which people and goods move. In the early days, it took a great deal of time, to travel long distances. The four major means of transport are
(i) Roadways The most commonly used means of transport especially for short distances are roads. They can be metalled (pucca) and unmetalled (kutcha). The plains have a dense network of roads. Roads have also been built in terrains like deserts, forests and even high mountains.
(ii) Railways The railways carry heavy goods and people over long distances quickly and cheaply. The invention of the steam engine and the Industrial Revolution helped in speedy development of rail transport. Diesel and electric engines have largely replaced the steam engines.
(iii) Waterways They are the cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances. They are mainly of two types - inland waterways and sea routes. Navigable rivers and lakes are used as inland waterways. For example, the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system, the Great Lakes in North America and the river Nile in Africa. Sea routes and oceanic routes are mostly used for transporting merchandise and goods from one country to another. These routes are connected with the ports.
(iv) Airways This is the fastest way of transport developed in the early 20th century. It is also the most expensive due to high cost of fuels. Air traffic is adversely affected by bad weather like fog and storms. It is the only mode of transport to reach the most remote and distant areas especially where there are no roads and railways.

Important sea ports are - Los Angles, Quito, Lima, Santiago, Rio de Janerio, Panama, Miami, Houston, New Orleans,Dakar,Boston, Douala, Lobito, Cape Town,Perth, Colombo, Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, Jakarta, Bangkok, Dhaka, Tokyo,Seoul, Shanghai, Dubai, etc.
Important Airports are - Vancouver, Mexico city, Nairobi, Paris, Moscow, Beijing, New Delhi, Hong Kong, Sydney, NewYork,tehram, Mauritius, Singapore, London, Buenos Airies, etc.