Our atmosphere has five different layers. They are:
(i) Troposphere,
(ii) Stratosphere,
(iii) Mesosphere,
(iv) Thermosphere,
(v) Exosphere.
(i) Troposphere : It is most important layer of the atmosphere with average height of 13 km from the earth. The air that we breathe exists here. Almost all the weather phenomena such as rainfall, fog and hailstorm occur here.
(ii) Stratosphere : This layer extends up to a height of 50 km. It presents the most ideal conditions for flying aeroplanes. It contains a layer of ozone gas which protects us from harmful effects of the sun rays.
(iii) Mesosphere : This layer extends up to a height of 80 km. Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space.
(iv) Thermosphere: In this layer temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height. Ionosphere is the part of this layer. This layer extends between 80- 400km. It helps in radio transmission. Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer.

(v) Exosphere: It is the uppermost layer where there is very thin air. Light gases such as helium and hydrogen float into the space from here.

It is the market which provides opportunities for work and to serf things. But mostty It rs me rich and powerful who receive the maximum benefit from the market. Rich and powerful includes people having money, land holdings, shops, etc. The poor are dependent on these people for 
(i) Loans (ii) Raw materials (iii) Marketing of goods (iv) Employment
It is this dependency which exploits them. Measures should be taken to reduce such exploitation. For example, cooperatives should be formed and it should be ensured that law are strictly followed.

Slogan for the poster is - The Power of Women

The picture shows the woodcarver carving wood for making furniture. Wood carving flourished in the Medieval period. The contribution of Cholas and Vijayanagara empire in the field of wood carving was simply unparalleled.

One of the significant reasons for continuance of discrimination is that attitudes change very slowly. Even though persons are aware that discrimination is against the law, they continue to treat people unequally on the basis of their caste, religion, disability, economic status and sex.
It is only when people begin to believe that no one is inferior and that every person deserves to be treated with dignity that attitude will change. Establishing equality in a democratic society is a continuous struggle and it is required for individuals and various communities to come together to remove inequality.

Fig. I was made during the 9th century.

In this case, the above law is not implemented. To make the building accessible for him, it should have a plain surface so that he can move in or out easily and on his own. Being carried down the stairs shows his dependence which affects his dignity and also his safety because there is a chance of getting hurt if he slips down.

King Rajendra I looted the temples of the defeated rulers and seized prized statues from them. He used these statues in the decoration of the Shiva temple, that he built in his capital in the early 11th century.
Whereas Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was a contemporary of Rajendra I. He destroyed and looted the wealth and the idols of the temples of defeated kings in order to win credit as a great hero of Islam. Thus, king Rajendra, I constructed temples while Mahmud of Ghazni destroyed them. He took all the riches to his place outside the Indian subcontinent.

The demands offoreign buyers are 
Lowest prices for the garments.
High standards for quality of production.
Timely delivery with no defects.
The exporters agree to these demands because selling products to these powerful buyers will help them in earning profits.

Ordinary people preserved the memory of Mirabai because
1.Though she was a Rajput princess married into the royal family of Mewar. But she had no interest of worldly affairs. Mirabai was devoted to Krishna and composed innumerable bhajans expressing her intense devotion.
2. Her devotion to her deity was supreme. She lived a simple life with ordinary people.
3. Her songs also openly challenged the norms of the 'upper' caste and became popular with the masses in Rajasthan and Gujarat.

The differences between tropical grasslands and temperate grasslands are

Patalpurarn is experiencing the problem of shortage of water which has resulted in outbreak of diarrhoea in the city.

Tughluq did not control prices of goods. Rather, he used a token currency, made out of cheap metals and not of gold and silver. The token currency was somewhat like present-day paper currency. People of the 14th century did not believe in these coins. They saved their gold and silver coins and paid all their taxes to the state with this token currency. This cheap currency could be counterfeited easily.

The answer map isgiven below

The rainforests are depleting because of the developmental activities that are going on at fast speed. The biologically diverse rainforests are being destroyed day by day. It is estimated that a large area of rainforests has been disappearing annually in the Amazon basin. As a result, the top soil is washed away when the rain falls and the lush green forest turns into a barren landscape.

Sedimentary rocks are formed by transported and deposited small fragmented rocks by wind, water, ere and these loose sediments are compressed and hardened to form layers of rocks. e.g. sandstone is made from grains of sand

The names of languages which changed over time are as follows
Lahori : Punjabi
Telangani : Telugu
Gujari : Gujarati
Mabari : Tamil
Gauri : Bengali
Hindawi : Hindi

(i) There are different technologies that media use today and these are costly. T.V. studio with cameras, sound recorders, lights, transmission and satellites cost a lot of money.
(ii) News studio or serial production require the services of large number of people like readers, cameraman, actors, production units, etc and their salaries add to the expenses.
(iii) Electronic media also involves money.
(iv) Print media needs offices, machines, people to work on them, people Work related like reporting, getting advertisements, marketing or selling, all this again cost a lot of money.
(v)Moreover, the technology keeps on changing, and the media has to keep pace with that which itself is costly.

The Life of Banjaras :
Peter Mundy, an English trader who came to India during the early seventeenth century, has described the Banjaras.
(i) In the morning we met a tanda of Banjaras with 14,000 oxen.
(ii) They were all laden with grains such as wheat and rice.
(iii) These Banjaras carry their hold, wives and children, along with them.
One tanda consists of many families Their way of life is similar to that of carriers who continuously travel from place to place. They own their oxen. They are sometimes hired by merchants, but most commonly they are themselves merrhants. They buy grain where it is cheaply available and carry it to places where it is dearer. From there, they again reload their oxen with anything that can be profitably sold in other places.
(iv) In a tanda there may be as many as 6 or 7 hundred persons. They do not travel more than 6 or 7 miles a day that, too, in the cool weather. After unloading their oxen, they turn them free to graze as there is enough land here, and no one is there to forbid them.