The best known pastoral and hunter-gatherer tribe in history were the Mongols. They inhabited the grasslands (steppes) of Central Asia and the forested areas further north. By 1206, Genghis Khan had united the Mongol and Turkish tribes into a powerful military force and expanded the empire. His successors also maintained a vast empire. It included parts of Russia, Eastern Europe and also China and much of West Asia. The Mongols had well-organised military and administrative systems which was supported by different ethnic and religious groups.

The Ahoms originally worshipped their own tribal gods. The influence of the Brahmans increased during the first half of the 17th century. At the time of king Sib Singh (1714-1744), Hinduism became the predominant religion of Ahoms. King granted lands to the temple and Brahmanas. But the Ahoms kings did not completely give up their traditional, belief, although they adopted Hinduism. They maintained the combination of both the religious customs.

Garha Katanga was a rich state. It earned wealth by trapping and exporting wild animals to other kingdoms. In 1565, the Mughal forces under Asaf Khan attacked this state.
The Mughal forces were resisted by Rani Durgawati and thereafter by her son. The Mughals annexed part of Garha Katanga. By defeating the Gonds the Mughals looted huge quantity of precious coins and large numbers of elephants. From this fact, we can assume that Garha Katanga is a rich state.

History of the Gonds was different from the Ahom in the following way

The Ahoms built a large state and used firearms as early as the 1530s. In 1662, the Mughals under Mir Jumla attacked the Ahom kingdom. The Ahom state was large and big source of revenue. The land were fertile and produced a variety of crops. This is why the Mughals wanted to conquer the land of the Ahoms.

Nomadic pastoralists moved over long distances with their animals. They lived on milk 'and other pastoral products. They bought and sold these goods as they moved from one place to another. They carried them on the back of their animals. The Banjaras were the most important trader nomads.
Sultan Alauddin Khalji and Mughal Emperor Jahangir used the Banjaras to transport grain to the city markets.
Many pastoral tribes reared and sold animals like cattle and horses, to the prosperous people. Different castes of petty pedlars travelled from village to village and sold ropes, seeds, straw matting and coarse socks. Mendicants acted as wandering merchants.

Unlike the varna system of society, the tribal societies do not follow social rituals prescribed by the Brahmanas. They were also not divided into unequal castes, classes.
Members of each societies of tribes are united by kinship bonds. Most of them carryon cultivation. Many others were hunter-gatherer or herders. Some other were nomadic and moved from place to place. Most of them combined these activities to make full use of the natural resources. A tribal group controlled land and pastures jointly and divided these amongst households according to its own rules.Sometimes they clashed with the more powerful caste-based societies. The tribes retained their freedom and preserved their separate culture. The caste based societies and the tribal societies also depended on each other for their diverse needs.

Several tribes live in different parts of India. See the map given below

These tribes settled temporarily at the places which suited them as per their need and livelihood. Whenever, they found the environment or their mode of living unfavourable, they migrated to other suitable places.
(i) The Khokhar tribes are from the Punjab region of Pakistan and North Western India. They were designated as an agricultural tribal and were usually classified as Jat and Rajput. There were several subdivisions of the Khohhan bribe, e.g., Bandial, Bhachan, Dhaulka, Ganjial, Jalap etc. All of them were mainly dependent on their fertle land for livelihood.
(ii) The Gaddia are people who normally reside in the Mandi, Kangra and Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh. Their main occupation is Shepherding. They make their livelihood by rearing and selling sheep, goats, mules and horses. They spent their winter in the low hills of Siwalik range, grazing their flocks in forests. By April, they moved on to higher mountain meadows when the snow melted. By September, they again began their return movement.