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Questions:

Generic 2

9 x 2 = 18

What are photoreceptors?

Write the components of central nervous system.

Name the stress and fear hormones.

Name the components of neuron.

What is a neuron?

Answer the following:
(a) Which hormone is responsible for the changes noticed in females at puberty?
(b) Dwarfism results due to deficiency of which hormone?
(c) Blood sugar level rises due to deficiency of which hormone?
(d) Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of which hormone?

Name the plant hormones responsibility for the following:
(a) Elongation of cells
(b) Growth of stem
(c) Promotion of cell division
(d) Falling of senescent leaves.

Compare and contrast nervous and hormonal mechanisms for control and coordination in animals.

What is the difference between a reflex action and walking?

Multiple Choice Question

10 x 1 = 10

10.

In humans, the life processes are controlled and regulated by

(a)

Reproductive and endocrine systems

(b)

Respiratory and nervous systems

(c)

Endocrine and digestive systems

(d)

Nervous and endocrine systems

11.

Which of the following endocrine glands is unpaired?

(a)

Adrenal

(b)

Testes

(c)

Pituitary

(d)

Ovary

12.

Dramatic changes of body features associated with puberty are mainly because of secretion of

(a)

Oestrogen from tests and testosterone from ovary

(b)

Oestrogen from adrenal gland and testosterone from pituitary gland

(c)

Testosterone from tests and Oestrogen from ovary

(d)

Testosterone from thyroid gland and Oestrogen from pituitary gland

13.

Which statement is not true about thyroxin?

(a)

Iron is essential for the synthesis of thyroxin

(b)

It regulates carbohydrates, protein and fat metabolism in the body

(c)

Thyroid gland require iodine to synthesise thyroxin

(d)

Thyroxin is also called thyroid hormone

14.

Which of the following statements about transmission of nerve impulse is incorrect?

(a)

Nerve impulse travels from dendritic end towards axonal end.

(b)

At the dendritic end electrical impulses bring about the release of some chemicals which generate an electrical impulse at the axonal end of another neutron.

(c)

The chemicals released from the axonal end of one neuron cross the synapse and generate a similar electrical impulse in a dendrite of another neuron.

(d)

A neuron transmits electrical impulses not only to another neuron but also to muscle and gland cells.

15.

Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of which hormone?

(a)

Adrenaline

(b)

Thyroxin

(c)

Auxin

(d)

Insulin

16.

Which is the correct sequence of the components of a reflex arc?

(a)

Receptors \(\rightarrow\) Muscles \(\rightarrow\) Sensory neuron \(\rightarrow\) Motor neuron \(\rightarrow\) Spinal cord

(b)

Receptors \(\rightarrow\) Motor neuron \(\rightarrow\) Spinal cord \(\rightarrow\) Sensory neuron \(\rightarrow\)Muscle

(c)

Receptors \(\rightarrow\) Spinal cord \(\rightarrow\) Sensory neuron \(\rightarrow\) Motor neuron \(\rightarrow\) Muscle

(d)

Receptors \(\rightarrow\) Sensory neuron \(\rightarrow\) Spinal cord \(\rightarrow\) Motor neuron \(\rightarrow\) Muscle

17.

In a synapse, chemical signal is transmitted from

(a)

Dendritic end of one neuron to axonal end of another neuron

(b)

Axon to cell body of the same neuron

(c)

Cell body to axonal end of the same neuron

(d)

Axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end of another neuron

18.

The brain is responsible for

(a)

Thinking

(b)

balancing the body

(c)

regulating

(d)

All of the above

19.

Which of the following is a plant hormone?

(a)

Insulin

(b)

Thyroxin

(c)

Oestrogen

(d)

Cytokinin

Generic 5

2 x 5 = 10

20.

What are reflex actions? Give two examples. Explain a reflex arc.

21.

Mention one function for each of these hormones:
(a) Thyroxin
(b) Insulin
(c) Adrenaline
(d) Growth hormone
(e) Testosterone

Generic 3

4 x 3 = 12

22.

Distinguish between voluntary and involuntary actions of our body.

23.

Write down three main differences between auxin and cytokinin.

24.

Give difference between nervous system and endocrine system.

25.

Describe the central nervous system in human being under the following heads:
(i) Regions included
(ii) Three functions of any one region

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Answers Key:

Generic 2

9 x 2 = 18

The receptors present in our eyes are called photoreceptors, as they are light sensitive.

Brain and spinal cord.

Adrenaline hormone.

Dendrite, cell body, axon and nerve ending.

Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system. They carry the information from the brain and the spinal cord to the different parts of the body and form the different parts of the body to the brain or the spinal cord.

(a) Oestrogen
(b) Growth hormone
(c) Insulin
(d) Thyroxine

(a) Auxin
(b) Giberellin
(c) Cytokinin
(d) Abscissic acid

Comparison between hormonal mechanisms are as follows :

Basis	Hormonal Mechanism/Endocrine System	Nervous Mechanism
Passage of Information	It is through chemicals called hormones.	It is through electrical conduction.
Sensory receptors	Absent	Present
Rapidly	The system is comparatively slower.	The system is rapid
Connection	The system is not connected to target sites directly.	The systern is directly connected to every part under its control.
Response	The response is slow and produced by all the cells of target tissues.	The response is quick and limited to those cells that are innervated with nerves.
Role in growth and development	The system controls growth and development.	It has little role in growth and development.
Components	It consists of glands and their secretions.	It consists of neurons, nerves and nervous organs.
Effects	The effect of chemical message lasts for longer period.	The effect of nervous message is for short duration.
Action	It is Involuntary.	It can be voluntary or involuntary.

The differences between a reflex action and walking are as follows:

Reflex Action	Walking
It is an spontaneous and involuntary response to a stimulus.	It is acquired through learning and is a voluntary response.
It is regulated by spinal cord.	It is coordinated by the brain (hindbrain).
Its intensity cannot be changed.	Its intensity can be changed.
It increases the survival and protective values of an organism.	It is concerned with the locomotion.

Multiple Choice Question

10 x 1 = 10

10.

11.

12.

13.

(a)
Iron is essential for the synthesis of thyroxin

14.

(b)
At the dendritic end electrical impulses bring about the release of some chemicals which generate an electrical impulse at the axonal end of another neutron.

15.

(b)
Thyroxin

16.

(d)
Receptors \(\rightarrow\) Sensory neuron \(\rightarrow\) Spinal cord \(\rightarrow\) Motor neuron \(\rightarrow\) Muscle

17.

(d)
Axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end of another neuron

18.

(d)
All of the above

19.

(d)
Cytokinin

Generic 5

2 x 5 = 10

20.

Reflex action is a special case of involuntary movement involuntary organs. When a voluntary organ is in the vicinity of a sudden danger, it is immediately pulled away from the danger to save itself. For example; when your hand touches a very hot electric iron, you move away your hand in a jerk. All of this happens in flash and your hand is saved from the imminent injury. This is an example of reflex action.
Reflex Arc: The path through which nerves signals; involved in a reflex action; travel is called the reflex arc. The following flow chart shows the flow of signal in a reflex arc. Receptor \(\rightarrow\) Sensory Neuron\(\rightarrow\) Relayneuron \(\rightarrow\) Motor neuron \(\rightarrow\) Effector (muscle) The receptor is the organ which comes in the danger zone. The sensory neurons pick signals from the receptor and send them to the relay neuron. The relay neuron is present in the spinal cord. The spinal cord sends signals to the effector via the motor neuron. The effector comes in action moves the receptor away from the danger.

21.

(a) General metabolism.
(b) Controls blood sugar level.
(c) Prepare the body for 'fight or flight' response.
(d) Promotes growth and development.
(e) Triggers sperm production and is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characters in males.

Generic 3

4 x 3 = 12

22.

Voluntary actions are under the control of our will, it needs thinking. e.g. talking, walking. Involuntary actions are not under the control of our will, they are automatic. eg. salivation, heart beat.

23.

Auxin	Cytokinin
1. It promotes cell elongation.	It promotes cell division.
2. It promotes the growth of stem and roots.	It promotes the growth of lateral buds.
3. It can cause formation of seedless fruits.	It can retard ageing of plants.

24.

Endocrine System	Nervous System
1. This system does not have direct connection with the organs or tissues controlled by it.	This system has direct connection and control over the tissues or organs.
2. The information of coordination is transmitted slowly.	The information is transmitted very fast.
3. The effect is long lasting.	The effect is short lived.

25.

(i) Regions included in central nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord. The brain and the spinal cord. The brain is further divided into three parts - forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
(ii) Three of the functions of the brain are:
Forebrain controls intelligence, learning, memory, thinking, speech, etc.
Midbrain is associated with the sense of sight and hearing.
Hindbrain controls all involuntary actions such as breathing, peristalsis, etc.

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