Four means of communication are:
(a) Personal communications like postal network and telecom network.
(b) Mass communication like Press (newspapers) and Media (TV, Radio, Film)

Northernmost Station: Srinagar in Jammu & Kashmir
Southernmost Station: Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu
Easternmost Station:   Silchar in Assam
Westernmost Station:  Porbandar in Gujarat.

Kandla in Kuchchh was the first port developed soon after Independence.
(ii) It was constructed to ease the volume of trade on the Mumbai port, in the wake of loss of Karachi port Pakistan after the Partition.
(iii) Kandla is a tidal port
(iv) It caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrial belt stretching across the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

(i) Conversion of meter gauge to broad gauge.
(ii) Steam engines have been replaced by diesel and electric engines. This has increased the speed and haulage capacity.
(iii) The replacement of steam engine run by coal has improved the environment of stations and its surroundings.
(iv) Railways routes have been extended to areas were there was no railways lines earlier.

a) Golden Quadrilateral
The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi - Kolkata - Chennai - Mumbai - Delhi by six-lane Super Highways. This is known as Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways as it links the four major metro cities. The general road network formed as a result is more or less quadrilateral in shape. It aims to improve linkage between the mega cities. It has a total length of 5846 km. The North-South Corridor and the East-West Corridor, linking the terminal stations of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir in the north, Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu in the south, Silchar in Assam in the east and Porbandar in Gujarat in the west, are part of the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway Project.
b) The North-South and East-West Corridors:
It has a length of 7142 km. These highway projects are being implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI). The major objective of these Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the big cities of India by providing opportunity for free movement of traffic, thus increasing connectivity between them. 

(i) Rajdhani Channel
(ii) Metro Channel
(iii) Green Channel
(iv) Business Channel
(v) Bulk Mail Channel
(vi) Periodical Channel.

(i) passengers travelling without ticket
(ii) thefts and damages of railways property.
(iii) people pulls chain to stop trains.
(iv) Many passengers travel without tickets.
(v) Thefts and damaging of railway property has not yet stopped completely.
(vi) People stop the trains, pull the chain unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to the railway.

Strategically important roads in the bordering areas of the country are called border roads. These roads are in the northern and northeastern border areas.
Importance of Border roads: -
(1) Border roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.
(2) They have helped in the economic development of border areas.
(3) Used to supply military equipments to the borders of our country.

International trade has undergone a sea change in the fifteen years. Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge. India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.

Three merits of roadways are
(a) They provide us door-to-door service.
(b) It is easier to construct roads at low cost as compared to railways.
(c) They provide a feeder service to link other means of transportation.

Tourism has great importance in the economy and cultural development of India.
(a) It promotes national integration.
(b) It makes us aware of the beauty and rich cultural heritage of our nation.
(c) It promotes inter-regional relationship.
(d) Tourism encourages cultural pursuits and provides support to local handicrafts.
(e) It helps in development of international understanding.
(f) Tourism is considered to be an invincible trade. India's natural beauty, diversity and glorious past attract innumerable visitors to India every year.
(g) Overseas holidayers and travellers have awarded India the fourth rank among the best holiday destinations of the world. Over 2.6 million foreign tourists visit India every year. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, cultural tourism, ecotourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism and business tourism. Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. Foreign tourists arrivals in the country witnessed an increase of 23.5 percent during the year 2004 as against year 2003, thus contributing Rs. 21,828 crores of foreign exchange. The trend is towards increase of foreign tourism and, hence, more foreign exchange earning for the country.
(h) Tourism also plays a major role in employment generation. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry and many more are indirectly connected to it. There is a bright future of the upcoming tourism industry in India. 

The importance of Indian Railways as a means of transport are described below
(i) Railways are considered as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
(ii) Railways help to conduct various activities, via, business, sightseeing, pilgrimage, transportation of goods over long distances, etc.
(iii) Railways bind the economic life of our country by accelerating the development of the industry and agriculture.
(iv) The Indian Railways have a huge network, connecting almost every corner of our country.
(v) The Indian Railways is the largest public sector, undertaking in the country which is the biggest employer in India.

Varanasi and Kanyakumari

Kandla port was the first port to be developed soon after Independence.

The average density of roads in India is 75 km.

Assam

The traders.