As long as the pollutants from nearby towns do not find their way into the lake waters, the fish cultivation will not face any threat.

Roadways, railways, waterways and airways are the four means of transport.

The three major types of rocks are igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks

Temperature in cities is much higher than that of villages. The concrete and metals in buildings and
the asphalt of roads get heated up during the day. This heat is released during the night. Also, the crowded high rise buildings of the cities trap the warm air and thus raise the temperature of the cities.

Salima was excited about the summer camp.

Plants and animals are the rwo major components of biotic environment.

Horizontally
Bamboo,Lichen, Seal, Mosses, Tulsi, Ebony, Tundra, Llanos, Whale, Hen, Fowl, Grass, prairie, Goat, Zebra, Pampas, Flora, Pine, Chir, Taiga, Fir, Deciduous, Horse
Vertically
Shrub, Cactus, Down, Ox, Fauna, Pig, Lion

Volcano Molten material erupts suddenly from the vent of Earth's crust.
Earthquake Movements of lithospheric plates causes vibration and that vibration is called earthquake.

Sand dunes are those hill-like structures which are formed by the deposition of blowing wind in deserts.

When water evaporates from land and different water bodies, it becomes water vapour. As the air gets warmer, its capacity to hold the water vapour increases. When the water vapour rises, it starts cooling. The water vapour condenses causing formation of droplets of water. When these droplets of water become too heavy to float in air, then they come down as precipitation in the form of either dew, rain, snow, sleet or hail.

Due to high aridity, the vegetation is sparse. There are scanty patches of grasses and shrubs for animals to graze. Groves of willows and .poplars are seen in the valleys.
During the summers, fruit trees such as apples, apricots and walnuts bloom. Several species of birds are sighted in Ladakh. Robins, redstarts, Tibetan snowcock, raven and hoopoe are common. Some of these are migratory birds. The animals of Ladakh are wild goats, wild sheep, yak and special kinds of dogs. The animals are reared to provide for the milk, meat and hides. Yak's milk is used to make cheese and butter. The hair of the sheep and goat is used to make woollens.

Important sea ports are - Los Angles, Quito, Lima, Santiago, Rio de Janerio, Panama, Miami, Houston, New Orleans,Dakar,Boston, Douala, Lobito, Cape Town,Perth, Colombo, Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, Jakarta, Bangkok, Dhaka, Tokyo,Seoul, Shanghai, Dubai, etc.
Important Airports are - Vancouver, Mexico city, Nairobi, Paris, Moscow, Beijing, New Delhi, Hong Kong, Sydney, NewYork,tehram, Mauritius, Singapore, London, Buenos Airies, etc.

(i) People grow most of their food in small areas after clearing some trees in the forest. Work is distributed among men and women. Men hunt and fish along the rivers and women take care of the crops.
(ii) They mainly grow tapioca, pineapple and sweet potato. Cash crops like coffee, maize and cocoa are also grown. They practise "slash and burn agriculture"
(iii) As hunting and fishing are uncertain it is the women who keep their families alive by feeding them the vegetables they grow.
(iv) The staple food is manioc, also known as cassava, that grows under the ground like the potato. They also eat queen ants and egg sacs
(v) The rainforests provide a lot of wood for the houses. Some families live in thatched houses shaped like beehives. There are other large apartments-like houses called Maloca with a steeply slanting roof.

(i) Sheep rearing is the most important occupation of the people. Sheep is bred to obtain wool which has given rise to the wool industry in the Velds. Merino sheep is a popular species and their wool is very warm.
(ii) Dairy farming is the next important occupation. Cattle are reared in the warmer and wetter regions and the dairy products like butter, cheese are produced for both domestic supply and also for export.
(iii) The Velds have rich reserve of minerals. Iron and steel industry has developed where coal and iron are present. Gold and diamond mining are major occupations of people of this region.
(iv) Johannesburg is known for being the gold capital of the world. Kimberley is famous for its diamond mines.
(v) Mining of diamond and gold in South Africa led to the establishment of trade ties with Britain and gradually South Africa became a British Colony.
(vi) This mineral rich area has a well-developed network of transport.

(i) In the early times, human beings lived on trees and in caves.
(ii) When they started to grow crops it became necessary to have a permanent home.
(iii) The settlements grew near the river valleys as water was available and land was fertile.
(iv) Human settlements became larger with the development of trade, commerce and manufacturing. (v) Settlement flourished and civilisations developed near river valleys

(i) Tropical grasslands:
These grasslands occur on either side of the equator and extend till the tropics. This vegetation grows in the areas of moderate to low amount of rainfall. The grass can grow about 3 to 4 metres in height. Savannah grasslands of Africa are of this type. Common animals found in the tropical grasslands are elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer and leopards.
(ii) Temperate grasslands:
These grasslands are found in the mid-latitudinal zones and in the interior parts of the continents. Usually, grass here is short and nutritious. Wild buffaloes, bisons, antilopes are common in the temperate region.

From the early times human beings have been interacting with the environment and they modified it according to their needs.
Early humans adapted themselves to the natural surroundings. They led a simple life and fulfilled their needs from the nature around them. But their needs kept on increasing. They became varied also. For fulfilling their needs, human beings learnt new ways to change the environment. They learnt to grow crops, domesticate animals and led a settled
life. The wheel was invented. Surplus food was produced. Barter system emerged. Transportation became faster, trade started, commerce developed and information revolution made communication easier and speedy across the world. Industrial revolution made possible and large scale production started.
In the present environment, mind-boggling variety of clothes, games, food items are purchased.
In this way human beings adapted to the environment in order to fulfil their needs

The vegetation cover is sparse, with more of grasses.
Red grass grows in bush velds.
In the high velds acacia and maroola are seen to be growing.
The animals of the velds are primarily lions, leopards, cheetah and kudu.

(a) Through telephone
(b) By advertising in the newspaper, or on the local TV news channel
(c) Sending a leave application to the teacher by post, or by hand personally.
(d) Through e-mail using the Internet.

Students can collect photographs of different mountain landscapes, coastal beaches, wildlife sanctuaries and places of historical importance such as Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Qutub Minar, etc., from different magazines and newspapers.

The Lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as the Lithospheric plates. They move very slowly because the molten magma inside the earth moves in a circular way.

List of some rivers deltas:
(i) Ganga - Brahmaputra Delta
(ii) Indus River Delta
(iii) Mississippi River Delta
(iv) Nile Delta
(v) Volga Delta
(vi) Yangtze River Delta