Semipermeable membrane Animal bladder, parchment paper and egg membrane
Selectively permeable Plasmalemma and tonoplast

Water molecules possess kinetic energy. In liquid and gaseous form, they are in random motion that is both rapid and constant. The greater the concentration of water in system., the greater is its kinetic energy or water potential. Hence, pure water has the greatest water potential. The water potential is denoted by the Greek symbol psi or \(\Psi \) and is expressed in pressure units, Pascal (Pa).

Difference between exosmosis and endosmosis are

Factors affecting the rate of diffusion are 
(i) temperature
(ii) pressure
(iii) gradient of concentration
(iv) permeability of membrane

(a) In dicot plants.
(b) (i) Shows higher water content.
(c) Potassium.

(i) Sugars and amino acids are transported by phloem tissue, i.e., ' .part B which are found alternating between the central core of xylem tissue.
(ii) Direction of Transport'.

Long distance transport of organic and inorganic substances occurs from leaves to other parts of plant through phloem (vascular tissue found in plants). As the site of production is far away from the site of absorption, the bulk flow is operated due to positive hydrostatic pressure gradient.

Water potential is the potential energy of water relative to pure free water (e.g., deionised water). It quantifies the tendency of water to move from one area to another due to osmosis, gravity, mechanical pressure or matrix effects including surface tension. Water potential is measured in units of pressure and is commonly represented by the Greek letter \(\Psi \)(psi). This concept has proved useful especially in understanding the water movement within plants, animals and soil.
Water potential of a cell is affected by both solute and pressure potential. The relationship between them is as follows 
\({ \Psi }_{ w }={ \Psi }_{ s }+{ \Psi }_{ p }\)

(i) The solution marked as (1) will be hypertonic (more concentrated) due to which cell shrinks.
(ii) From C to D, figure is showing the process of deplasmolysis as shrinked cell has again regained its original shape.
(iii) In space marked as (2) hypotonic solution and water is present.
(iv) Turgor pressure will be zero in figure Band Cbecause cell is in a flaccid condition.
(v) Wall pressure will be positive in- figure A and D because in these figure cell wall is exerting equal and opposite pressure against the expanding protoplasm.

(i) Plasmolysis occurs when water moves out of the cell and the cell membrane of a plant cell shrinks away from its cell wall. This occurs when the cell is kept in a
solution that is hypertonic (has more solutes) to the protoplasm. Water moves out from the cell through diffusion and causes the protoplasm to shrink away from the walls. In such situation, cell becomes plasmolysed.

When the cell is placed in an isotonic solution. There is no flow of water towards inside or outside. If the external solution balances the osmotic pressure of the
cytoplasm, it is said to be isotonic. When the water flows into the cell and out of the cell or in equilibrium the cell is called flaccid.
(ii) When the plant cell is kept in a solution having high water potential (hypotonic solution or dilute solution as compared to cytoplasm), water diffuses into the
cell causing the cytoplasm to build up a pressure against the wall, called turgor pressure.
The pressure exerted by the protoplasts due to entry of water against the rigid walls is called pressure potential \(({ \psi }_{ p })\) Because of the rigidity of the cell wall,
the cell does not rupture. This turgor pressure is ultimately responsible for enlargement of cells.

Transpiration pull is the phenomenon which takes place when thousands of transpiring mesophyll cells withdraw water from the xylem by generating a negative pressure in the water column and exerting an upward pull over the water column.This pull is further transmitted to the roots in search of more water.