Streptomyces

1.Several microbes are used in preparing medicines.
2.The most important medicines for which microbes are used are antibiotics.  These are chemical compounds produced by some microbes and are used to kill or to subside the growth of other disease-causing microbes. Streptomycin, tetracycline and penicillin are some of the commonly used antibiotics. These antibiotics have significantly contributed towards the welfare of the human society.

1. Cyclosporin A is produced by Trichoderma polysporum.
2. Stain (lovastatin) is produced by Monascus purpureus.

1. Biofertilisers fix atmospheric nitrogen and increase nitrogen content of the soil.
2. Cyanobacteria increase the organic matter of the soil through their photosynthetic acivity.
3. Fungi (of mycorrhizae) help in absorption and storage of phosphorus and other mineral nutrients.

(i) Aerobic microbes
The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it. This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs (masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh like structures). While growing, these microbes consume the major part of the organic matter in the effluent. This significantly reduces the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) of the effluent. The sewage water is treated till the BOD is reduced. Once the BOD of sewage or waste water is reduced significantly, the effluent is then passed into a settling tank where the bacterial 'flocs' are allowed to sediment.
ii). This sediment is called activated sludge. A small part of the activated sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank to serve as the inoculum. The remaining major part of the sludge is pumped into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters. Here, other kinds of bacteria, which grow anaerobically, digest the bacteria and the fungi in the sludge. During this digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable. The effluent from the secondary treatment plant is generally released into natural water bodies like rivers and streams.

(i) Biogas is a mixture of gases produced from degradable organic matter by activity of microorganisms.
(ii) It is used as a fuel for heating, cooking. lighting, power for irrigation, etc.
(iii) Microorganisms involved are methanogens such as methanobacterium.
(iv) Anukool is helpful, intelligent, has human values and care for people. 

(i) Curd is a common food item that supplies nutrients like calcium,vitamin A,B phosphours, etc
(ii) Biogas is used as energy source
(iii) Penicillin is an antibiotic, used to control several diseases.
(iv) Citric acid is used as a preservative in fruit juices, squashes, etc.

Mycorrhiza refers to symbiotic association between the fungus and the root of higher plants. These fungi in these associations absorb water phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium from soil and pass it to the plant. The fungus brings about the solubilization of organic matter of soil humus, release of inorganic nutrients absorption and. their transfer to roots. The genus Glomus forms a mycorrhizal association with plants.

(a) Rust fungus, Puccinia chindrilla
(b) Bacillus thuringiensis

Flocs are masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures. While growing, these microbes consume the major part of or ganic waste water.