Planning lays down the base for all other functions of management.All the other functions are performed within the framework of the plans drawn.

Since planning precedes all the other functions, it is called the primary function of management or primacy of planning. 

i) Social responsibility
ii) Empathy, Harmony
iii) Motivation, Cooperation

i) Lack of Feeling of ownness in an organization.
ii) Lack of Manager’s faith in his employees.
iii) Wastage of time.

Planning in deciding in advance what to do and how to do. Before doing something, the manager always formulates an idea of how to work on a particular task.
Planning is not a guarautee of success in dynamic environment.

Rules are specific statements that tell what is to be done.
1. A ‘rule’ reflects a managerial decision that a certain action must or must not be taken.
2. They are usually the simplest type of plans because there is no compromise or change unless a policy decision is taken.
3. Rules are rigid and definite plans that specify what is to be done or not to be done is given situations.
4. Rules are to be enforced rigidly and there is generally a fine or penalty for violation of rules. They do no allow for any flexibility or discretion.

Plg in an activity which is done by top mgt. usually the rest of the organisation just implements these plans. The result is that middle management and other decision makers are neither allowed to deviate from plans nor are they permitted to act on their own. This planning restricts creativity

Planning is regarded as a pervasive function as it is required at all levels of mgt. as well as in all departments of the organisation. However the scope of plg. differs at differs at different levels and among different departments.

Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do and by whom.It bridges the gap between 'where we are and where we want to go'.

Planning provides direction by stating in advance how the work is supposed to be done. It ensures that the objectives of the organisation or clearly stated to the act as a guide to decide what action must be taken. If the goals are well defined, the employees would know what they must do to achieve those goals. It would also help to bring about coordination among the different employees. In the absence of planning, the organisation would be witnessing a chaotic situation.