Triticale is the man made cereal. It was developed by crossing Triticum aestivum (wheat) and secale sereale (Rye).

Single cell protein is the large quantities of biomass produced by culturing single type of cells or microorganisms which serve as food specially rich in protein, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamines.
Importance:
(i) It serves as rich source of protein in human diet.
(ii) It reduces pressure on agricultural production system for the supply of protein requirement.
(iii) It helps in reducing environmental pollution
Examples:
Spirulina-a cyanobacterium or blue green algae.
Methylophilus methylotrophus-a bacterium.

The process of fusion of protoplast of somatic cells derived from different varieties and or species of plants on a suitable nutrient medium to produce
the somatic hybrids is called somatic hybridization. For example pomato is the somatic hybrid obtained by the protoplast fusion of tomato and potato.
The steps involved in somatic hybridization are:
(i) Single cells isolated from the selected plants.
(ii) Removal of cell wall of the fusing cell with the help of the enzymes like pectinase and cellulase. Theseenzymes digest the cell wall to expose the naked protoplast.
(iii) The isolated protoplasts of selected parents are fused to obtain hybrid protoplast on special nutrient medium under aseptic conditions. This fusion is
induced by the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or by a brief high voltage electric current.
(iv) The hybrid protoplast are cultured on suitable nutrient medium, where they regenerate cell wall and begin to undergo division to form new plantlets. These plantlets are the somatic hybrids.
Use of somatic hybridization:
Species of plants in which sexual hybridization or breeding is not possible can be hybridized by somatic hybridization.
Somatic hybridization produces hybrids between those lines or species where it is not possible through sexual hybridization.
This technique isuseful in raising allopolyploids.

Main steps involved in breeding a new genetic variety of a crop are:
(i) Collection of variability / germplasm collection, collection and preservation of all different wild varieties, species and relatives of cultivated species / entire collection of plants.
(ii) Evaluation and selection of parents, to identify plant with desirable combination of character / purelines are created.
(iii) Cross hybridization among selected parents, cross hybridizing the two parents to produce hybrids which genetically combine desired characters in one plant.
(iv) Selection and testing of superior recombinants, selection among the progeny of the hybrids that have desired character combinations, superior to both the parents / self pollinated for several generations till they reach the state of uniformily and they do not segregate in the progenies.
(v) Testing, release and commercialisation of new dIltivars, newly selected lines are evaluated for yield / other agronomic traits of quality / disease resistance by growing them in research fields followed by testing the material in farmers fields for atleast three growing seasons at different agroclimatic zones.
Release of new variety : The variety evaluated is 'selected certified and released as new variety.

(i) floriculture is growing of ornamental flowers for commercial purpose.
(ii) Plant Tissue culture is one of the methods widely used for this purpose especially for orchids.
(iii) floriculturists bring cut flowers to Delhi so that they get good income by exporting them easily.

Application of tissue culture technique
(1) This technique is applied for the rapid multiplication of desirable and rare plants.
(2) By this technique an indefinite number of plants can be produced
(3) From the culturing of virus free tissues of shoot apex of an infected plant it becomes possible to obtain virus free plant in a sufficient stock. The tissue culture technique has been used to obtain virus free potatoes and sugarcane.
(4) The technique (Embryo culture) is useful in overcoming seed dormancy, but also in producing viable plants from the cross which normally fail due to the death of immature embryos.
(5) The technique has been applied for obtaining large number of haploid and homozygous diploids.
(6) Somatic hybridization helps fusion of cells belonging to different families.
(7) This technique is also useful for genetic improvement of useful plants. 

Advantages of Poultry Farming. Poultry farming has many advantages:
1. Food. Poultry farming is related to the nutrition problem. It provides eggs and meat which are highly nutritious foods. They are rich sources of animal proteins, minerals and vitamins and contain a right kind of fats for good health. Egg taking can remove protein malnutrition seen in India specially among children.
2. Economic Uplift. Poultry farming contributes to the economic uplift of the farmers, provides employment to the attendants and furnishes job to the dealers in poultry products and inputs.
3. Manure. Poultry dropping mixed with litter form a rich manure. Increased crop yields resulting form the use of poultry manure would more than compensate for the grains consumed by the poultry birds.
4. Recreation. Poultry is also a means of recreation. Show of fancy chickens and cock-fighting have been popular with many people.
Poultry farming on commercial basis started in India around 1960 and now poultry farms are common around practically in all the cities. 

Common diseases of fishes
1. Main infectious disease of fishes are:
(a) Viral Haemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) and (b) Bacterial Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN).
2. Water-pollution caused disease of fishes are:
(a) Gill rot (Blackening of gills).
(b) Fin rot (Cutting down of fins).
(c) Dropsy (Swollen belly).
3. Fish-ectoparasites - e.g., fish lice - Argulus.
Control of fish-diseases
(i) Pollution of fish-farm should be avoided.
(ii) Regular monitoring of the level of oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH of the water of fish-form.
(iii) Argulus-fish lice can be controlled by adding 2.5 ml/litre of Malathion in the pond water.

1. Animal farming
2. Poultry farming
3. Fisheries.

The methods employed in animal breeding are:
A. Natural methods. These are as follows:
(a) Inbreeding.
(b) Outbreeding which may be done by:
(i) Outcrossing
(ii) Cross breeding
(iii) Interspecific hybridization
B. Artificial methods. They include super ovulation and embryo transplantation, and multiple ovulatlon embryo transfer technology (MOET.)
Out of these methods, cross breeding is the best method of animal breeding because it is breeding between the superior males of another superior female breed. It allows the desirable qualities of two different breeds to be combined and give the best quality of yield.