Fiscal deficit refers to the situation of excess of total expenditure over total receipts (excluding borrowings) where total expenditure and receipts includes both revenue deficit is part of fiscal deficit, wherein fiscal deficit is a border concepts.

When revenue receipts are less than the revenue expenditure in government budget, this shortfall of receipts is known as revenue deficit.

Implications of revenue deficit are:

(i)High revenue deficit shows accumulated and recurring expenses of government on repayment expenses of government on repayment of loans,expenses on defence, etc.

(ii)The revenue deficit is managed by borrowings or disinvestment.Hence, High revenue deficit either increases government liabilities or causes reduction in government assets.

(iii) High revenue deficit leads to inflationary situation in the economy, as high government expenditure increases the Aggregate Demand of the economy. 

(iv)High revenue deficit implies high future burden of loan and interest payments on government.

(i) Dividents on investment made by government

(ii) Sale of public sector undertaking

(i) Dividents on investment made by government It is a revenue receipt, as it does not add to the liability or not lead to reduction in assets.

(ii) Sale of public sector undertaking It is a capital receipt,as it involves reduction in assets.

Disinvestment refers to reducing the holdings of the government in public sector undertaking in part or in full. e.g. The Government of India is undertaking disinvestment by selling its shares in the Maruti Udyog. It is a capital receipt of the government, as it reduces assets of the government.

Budget is a comprehensive statement of the expected receipts and expenditure of the government during a financial year (1st April to 31st march)..

 Following are the principal objectives that the government pursues trough the budget:

(i) Reallocation of resources The government,through its budgetary policy, reallocate resources, so that social and economic objectives can be met.

(ii) Redistribution of income and wealth Government through facial tools of taxation and transfer payment brings fair distribution of income.Equitable distribution of income and wealth is a way to bring social justice.

(iii) Economic stability The government tries to prevent business fluctuations and maintain price and employment stability. Economic stability stimulates inducement to invest and increases to invest and increases the rate of growth and development.

(iv) Economic growth The growth rate of a country depends on the rate of savings and investment.Therefore the roles that are assigned to budgetary policy in this regard are to create  conditions for increase in savings and investment

Budget is a comprehensive statement of the expected receipts and expenditure of the government during a financial year (1st April to 31st march)..

 Following are the principal objectives that the government pursues trough the budget:

(i) Reallocation of resources The government,through its budgetary policy reallocate resources, so that social and economic objectives can be met.

(ii) Redistribution of income and wealth Government through facial tools of taxation and transfer payment brings fair distribution of income.Equitable distribution of income and wealth is a way to bring social justice.

(iii) Economic stability The government tries to prevent business fluctuations and maintain price and employment stability. Economic stability stimulates inducement to invest and increases to invest and increases the rate of growth and development.

(iv) Economic growth The growth rate of a country depends on the rate of savings and investment.Therefore the roles that are assigned to budgetary policy in this regard are to create  conditions for increase in savings and investment.

Budget is a comprehensive statement of the expected receipts and expenditure of the government during a financial year (1st April to 31st march)..

 Following are the principal objectives that the government pursues trough the budget:

(i) Reallocation of resources The government,through its budgetary policy reallocate resources, so that social and economic objectives can be met.

(ii) Redistribution of income and wealth Government through facial tools of taxation and transfer payment brings fair distribution of income.Equitable distribution of income and wealth is a way to bring social justice.

(iii) Economic stability The government tries to prevent business fluctuations and maintain price and employment stability. Economic stability stimulates inducement to invest and increases to invest and increases the rate of growth and development.

(iv) Economic growth The growth rate of a country depends on the rate of savings and investment.Therefore the roles that are assigned to budgetary policy in this regard are to create  conditions for increase in savings and investment.

Balanced budget when the  estimated receipts are equal to the estimated expenditure in government budget, it is termed as a balanced budget

 Surplus budget when the estimated receipts are more than the estimated expenditure in government budget, it is termed as a surplus budget. 

public goods such as parks,roads, water supply, bridges,national defence, etc are the goods which people urgently need for the day-to-day living,but market mechanism cannot produce these goods in sufficient quantities, due to its features of sufficient quantities, due to its features of non-rivalrous and non-excludable in consumption.Therefore,these goods need to be provided by the government.