Give two applications of RNA

Write an important factor on which the crystal field splitting depends.

Which isomer of \([CoCl_2(en)_2]^+\) does not show optical isomersm ?

How will you distinguish between the following pairs by chemical reactions?
(i) CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH
(ii) Phenol and methanol
(iii) 1-Propanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol
(iv) Ethanol and 1-Propanol?

Label the glucose and fructose units in the following disaccharide and identify anomeric carbons atoms in these units. Is the sugar reducing in nature? Explain.

Proteins found in a biological system with a unique three-dimensional structure and  biological activity is called a native protein. When a protein in its native form, is subjected to a physical change like change in temperature or a chemical change like, change in pH, denaturation of protein takes place. Explain the cause.

Write the structures of the main products in the following reactions:

Answer the following queries about proteins:
(i) How are proteins related to amino acids?
(ii) How are oligopeptides different from polypeptides?
(iii) When is a protein said to be denaturated?

Name the reagents used in the following reactions:
(i) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid.
(ii) Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene.
(iii) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol.

\(\alpha\)-D-glucose and \(\beta\)-D-glucose differ from each other with respect to the

Deficiency of vitamin B, causes the disease

Chargaff's rule that in an organism.

Subunits present in haemoglobin are:

Which one of the following is not expected to undergo iodoform reaction?

Consider the following reaction, ethanol \(\overset{PCl_5}\longrightarrow\) X \(\overset{alc.KOH}\longrightarrow\) Y \(\overset{H_2SO_4}{\underset {(ii)H_2O,room temperature}{\longrightarrow}}\) Z The product Z is:

How many EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) molecules are required to make an octahedral complex with a Ca²⁺ ion?

CH₃OC₂H₅ and (CH₃)₃ COCH₃ are treated with hydriodic acid. The fragments after reactions obtaind are:

Among the following complexes (K-P) K₃[Fe(CN)₆] (K), [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃ (L), Na₃[Co(oxalate)₃](M), [Ni(H₂O)₆]Cl₂ (N), K₂[Pt(CN)₄] (O) and [Zn(H₂O)₆] (NO₃)₂ (P) the diamagnetic complexes are

Square planar complexes of the type MABXL (where A, B, X and L are unidentates) show

A compound A (C₆H₁₂O₆) is oxidised by bromine witer into monobasic acid. It also reduces Tollen's reagent and reacts with HCN to give a compound B which on hydrolysis gives a compound C. On treating C with HI/red P, n-heptanoic acid is obtained. Compound A on treatment with excess phenyl hydrazine gave D-glucoszone. Name the compound A and draw its cyclic from.

Write equation of the following reactions. 
(i) Friedel-Crafts reaction (alkylation in anisole)
(ii) Nitration of anisole
(iii) Bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid medium
(iv) Friedel-Crafts (acetylation of anisole)

Just like human beings, plants also need various nutrients for their healthy growth. Iron is one of these. The deficiency of iron results in disorder known as iron chlorosis. It appears in the form of yellow leaves. It adversely affect the yield of fruits from citrus trees.
(i) In which oxidation state is iron generally present in the soil?
(ii) Why is iron hydroxide not assimilated in the soil?
(ill) Which complex of iron is readily absorbed by soil?
(iv) What can you suggest to stop the adverse effect of iron deficiency?

Using valence bond theory, explain the following in relation to the complexes given below :
\([Mn(CN)_6]^{3-}, [Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}, [Cr(H_2O)_6]^{3+}, [FeCl_6]^{4-}\)
(i) Type of hybridisation    
(ii) Inner or outer orbital complex.    
(iii) Magnetic behaviour.    
(iv) Spin only magnetic moment value.

Glucose is an aldohexose. It can occur freely as well as in combined form in the nature. It is present in sweet fruits and honey. It is also present in quantities in ripe grapes. As glucose is an aldohexose, it consists of six C-atoms and an aldehyde group. It is the most abundant organic compound on the earth and used as an immediate source of energy for all metabolic reactions in the animals.
It was found that glucose forms a six membered ring in which -OH at C-5 is involved in the ring formation.The cyclic six membered structure of glucose is known as pyranose structure. It is analogous to pyran which is a cyclic organic compound with one oxygen atom and five carbon atoms in the ring.
Write the structure of open-chain glucose.

When a protein in its native form, is subjected to physical changes like change in temperature or chemical changes like change in pH, the hydrogen bonds are disturbed. Due to this, globules unfold and helix gets uncoiled and protein loses its biological activity. This is called the denaturation of protein.
The denaturation causes change in secondary and tertiary structures but primary structures remain intact. Examples of denaturation of protein are coagulation of egg white on boiling, curdling of milk, and formation of cheese when an acid is added to milk.
1.Mark the wrong statement about denaturation of proteins
(a) The primary structure of the protein does not change
(b) Globular proteins are converted into fibrous proteins.
(c) Fibrous proteins are converted into globular proteins.
(d) The biological activity of the protein is destroyed.
2.Which structure(s) of proteins remains(s) intact during denaturation process?
(a) Both secondary and tertiary structures
(b) Primary structure only
(c) Secondary structure only
(d) Tertiary structure only
3.Cheese is a
(a) globular protein
(b) conjugated protein
(c) denatured protein
(d) derived protein
4.Secondary structure of protein refers to
(a) mainly denatured proteins and structure of prosthetic groups
(b) three-dimensional structure, especially the bond between amino acid residues that are distant from each other in the polypeptide chain
(c) linear sequence of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain
(d) regular folding patterns of continuous portions of the polypeptide chain

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
For understanding the structure and bonding in transition metal complexes, the magnetic properties are very helpful. Low spin complexes are generally diamagnetic because of pairing of electrons, whereas high spin complexes are usually paramagnetic because of presence of unpaired electrons. Larger the number of unpaired electrons, stronger will be the paramagnetism. However magnetic behaviour of a complex can be confirmed from magnetic moment measurement. Magnetic moment \(\mu=\sqrt{n(n+2)} \text { B.M. }\)where n = number of unpaired electrons. Greater the number of unpaired electrons, more will be the magnetic moment.
In these questions ( i-iv), a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(i) Assertion: Both [Cr(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and [FeH₂O)₆]²⁺ have same magnetic moment.
Reason: Number of unpaired electrons in Cr²⁺ and Fe²⁺ are same.
(ii) Assertion: [Fe(H₂O)₅NO]SO₄ is paramagnetic.
Reason: The Fe in [Fe(H₂O)₅NO]SO₄ has three unpaired electrons.
(iii) Assertion: [Co(en)₃]³⁺ is paramagnetic. 
Reason: It is an inner orbital complex.
(iv) Assertion: [Ni(CN)₄]^2- is diamagnetic complex.
Reason: It involves dsl hybridisation and there is no unpaired electron.

In the following question a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reasons is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: [Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₂ and [Fe(H₂O)₆]Cl₂ are reducing in nature.
Reasons: Unpaired electrons are present in their d-orbitals.
Codes:
(a) Assertion and reason both are true, reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, reason is true.

In the following questions a statement of ass6rtion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Toxic metal ions are removed by the chelating ligand.
Reason: Chelate complexes tend to be more stable
Codes:
(a) Assertion and reason both are true, reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, reason is false.