Boiling points depend upon the extent of H-bonding which, in turn, depends upon the number of H-atoms present on the N-atom. Since C₂H₉NH₂ has two, (C₂H₅)₂NH has one and C₂H₅N(CH₃)₂ has no hydrogen linked to nitrogen, therefore, boiling points decrease as the extent H-bonding decreases, i.e., boiling points decrease in the order :
C₄H₉NH₂ > (C₂H₅)₂NH > C₂H₅N(CH₃)₂.

(t) Glucose does not respond to Schiff's reagent test.

(il) It does not react with sodium bisulphite and ammonia.

(i) Peptide linkage: The amide  linkage between two a-amino acids formed with the loss of a water molecule is called a peptide linkage.
(ii) The six membered cyclic structure of glucose is called pyranose structure (α - or β -), in analogy with heterocylic compound pyran glucose

2 moles of AgCl will be precipitated.

(a) The penta-acetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine. It indicates that the carbonyl group of glucose is not free as it is present in cyclic form.
(b) Vitamin C is water soluble, that's why it cannot stored in our body.
(c) (i) Peptide linkage Proteins are connected to each other by –CO–NH– bond which is called the peptide linkage.
(ii) Denaturation When a native protein is subjected to physical change or chemical change, the hydrogen bonds are disturbed. As a result, globules unfold and helix gets uncoiled and protein loses its biological activity. This is known as denaturation of proteins.
Or
(c) (i) Anomers In carbohydrates, a pairs of anomers, is a near-identical stereoisomers that differ at only the anomeric carbon.
(ii) Glycosidic linkage The two monosaccharide units are joinied together through an oxide linkage, known as glycosidic linkage.

(i) pKb​ of aniline is more than that of methylamine.
In aniline, the lone pair of electrons on N atom is in resonance with benzene ring. Hence, it cannot be easily donated to an acid. This decreases its basicity. In methyl amine, the +I effect of methyl group increases the electron density on N atom so that the lone pair of electrons on N atom can be easily donated to an acid. Hence, methylamine is more basic than aniline. Higher is the basicity, lower is the pKb and vice versa. 
(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not. With increase in the molecular weight, the solubility decreases. Aniline has higher molecular weight than ethylamine.
(iii) Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide. Due to the +I effect of −CH3​ group, methylamine is more basic than water. Therefore, in water, methylamine produces OH− ions by accepting H+ ions from water. OH− ions react with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide. 
(iv) The nitration of aniline is carried out using conc. HNO₃ and H₂SO₄. However, in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄, aniline forms aniline hydrogen sulphate in which the anilinium ion, C₆H₅NH₃⁺ is meta directing because the positive charge on the nitrogen attracts electrons from the benzene ring.
(v) Aniline does not undergo Friedel craft's reactions because the reagent AlCl₃ (the Lewis acid which is used as a catalyst in friedel crafts reaction), being electron deficient acts as a Lewis base. and attacks on the lone pair of nitrogen present in aniline to form an insoluble complex which precipitates out and the reaction does not proceed.
(vi) In aromatic diazonium salts, due to resonance, there is dispersal of positive charge on benzene ring.
But in aliphatic diazonium salts, resonance is not possible, so aliphatic diazonium salts are less stable than aromatic diazonium salt.
(vii) The reaction between alkyl halide (R- X) and ammonia gives mixture, of 1, 2, and 3 amines with tetra alkyl ammonium halide. The mixture is not separable. To get pure 1 amine, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred.

cyclic from of glucose (A)

(ii) Alcohols have higher boiling point as compared to that of amines, because oxygen being more electronegative atom, forms strong hydrogen bond as compared to that of nitrogen. In tertiary amine, there is no hydrogen bond formation due to the absence of H-atoms and hence, has the lowest boiling point. Therefore, increasing order of boiling point (CH₃)₃N < C₂H₅NH₂ < C₂H₅OH .
(iii) (CH₃)₃NH and (CH₃)₃N are secondary and tertiary arnines respectively. These are distinguished by Hinsberg's reagent which gives sulphonamide with secondary amines and no reaction carried out with tertiary arnines. (CH₃)₃NH reacts with benzene sulphonyl chloride as follows:

\([Mn(CN)_6]^{3-}\)
d²sp³, (ii) inner orbital complex, (iii) paramagnetic, (iv) 2.87 B.M.
(i) d²sp³ (ii) Inner orbital complex, (iii) diamagnetic, (iv) \(\mu=0\)
(i) d²sp³, (ii) Inner orbital complex, (iii) paramagnetic, (iv) 3.87 B.M.
(i) sp³d², (ii) outer orbital complex (iii) paramagnetic (iv) 4.9 B.M.

(i) K₂[Ni(CN)₄]
(ii) [CuBr₄]^2-
\((iii){ [Co{ \left( { NH }_{ 3 } \right) }_{ 5 }ONO] }^{ 2+ }\) 
(iv) \({ [Co{ \left( { NH }_{ 3 } \right) }_{ 5 }{ NO }_{ 2 }] }^{ 2+ }\) 
(v) [Zn(OH)₄]^2-
(vi) [Co(NH₃)₆]₂(SO₄)₃
(vii) K₂[PdCl₄]
(viii) K₃[Cr(C₂O₄)₃]
(ix) [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂]
(x) [Pt(NH₃)₆]⁴⁺

(i) [Ni(CN)₄]^2- - Square planar 
(ii) In \(\left[\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_4\right]^{2 *}\) ion, copper is in +2 state. The electronic configuration is \(3 d^9 4 s^{\circ}\).

Number of unpaired electron = 1
\(\mu=\sqrt{n(n+2)}=\sqrt{1(1+2)}=\sqrt{3}=1.73 \mathrm{BM}\)

Glucose reacts with HCN to give glucose cyanohydrin.

It confirms the presence of carbonyl group.

(i) Nucleotides: These are the monomers of nucleic acid. They consist of heterocyclic base, pentose sugar and phosphoric acid residue.
(ii) Anomers: Those compounds which differ in orientation of -OH group on C-1 carbon atom are called anomers.
(iii) Essential amino acids: Those amino acids which are not synthesised by our body and must be a part of our diet are called essential amino acids.

(i) Ethanoic acid into methanamine
\(\begin{equation} \begin{array}{cc} \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH} & \stackrel{\mathrm{SOCl}_{2}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCl} \stackrel{\mathrm{NH}_{3}(\text { excess })}{\longrightarrow} \\ \text { Ethanoic } & \text { Ethanoyl } \\ \text { acid } & \text { chloride } \end{array} \end{equation}\)\(\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} &\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CONH}_{2}\\ &\text { Ethanamide } \end{aligned} \end{equation}\)\(\xrightarrow[{Hofmann\ bromide\ reaction}]{B{r}_{2}/KOH}\)\(\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} &\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\\ &\text { Methanamine } \end{aligned} \end{equation}\)
(ii) Hexane nitrile into 1-aminopentane
\(\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} &\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{4} \mathrm{CN}\\ &\text { Hexane nitrile } \end{aligned} \end{equation}\)\(\xrightarrow[{partial\ hydrolysis}]{H_3O^+}\)\(\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} &\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{4} \mathrm{CONH}_{2}\\ &\text { Hexanamide } \end{aligned} \end{equation}\)\(\xrightarrow[{Hofmann\ bromide\ reaction}]{B{r}_{2}/KOH}\)\(\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} &\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{4} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\\ &\text { 1-aminopentane } \end{aligned} \end{equation}\)
(iii) Methanol into ethanoic acid
\(\begin{equation} \underset{\text { Methanol }}{\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}} \stackrel{\mathrm{PCl}_{5}}{\longrightarrow} \end{equation}\)\(\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} &\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl} \quad \stackrel{\mathrm{KCN}(\text { alc. })}{\longrightarrow}\\ &\text { Chloromethane } \end{aligned} \end{equation}\)\(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CN} \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}}{\longrightarrow}\\ Ethane nitrile\)\(\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} &\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\\ &\text { Ethanoic acid } \end{aligned} \end{equation}\)

(i) Many biologically important natural compounds, exist as coordinate complexes e.g. chlorophyll, haemoglobin. Haemoglobin acts as O₂ carrier in the blood.
ii) Coordination compounds find use in many qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. The familiar colour reactions given by metal ions with a number of ligands, e.g. EDTA, DMG, α-nitroso-β-naphthol, cupron, etc. involve the formation of coordination compounds.
iii) Many toxic metal ions are removed by the use of chelate therapy in medicinal chemistry, e.g. excess of copper and iron are removed by the chelating ligands D-penicillamine and desferrioxime Bvia formation of coordination compounds. EDTA is used in treatment of lead poisoning. cis-platin is used in cancer therapy.

(i) Vitamin A 
(ii) Uracil 
(iii) It suggests that six carbon atoms are in straight chain/CHO-(CHOH)₄-CH₂OH 

(a) (i) [Co(NH₃)₅NO₂]²⁺ and [Co(NH₃)₅ONO]²⁺ are linkage isomers.
(ii) [Co(NH₃)₆][Cr(CN)₆] and [Co(CN)₆][Cr(NH₃)₆] are coordination isomers.
(b) Ni²⁺(28) : 4s⁰3d⁸ ,CI^- is weak field ligand, does not cause pairing of electrons     
It has Sp³  hybridization and has 2 unpaired electrons due to which it is paramagnetic.

(b) (A) and (R) both are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). All naturally occurring \(\alpha\)-amino acids except glycine are optically active. Glycine is optically inactive because glycine does not have all four different substituents as shown below.

(b): In \(\beta \) -pleated sheet structure, the polypeptide chains are held together by intermolecular H-bonds. Extension and contraction of \(\beta \) -pleated sheet structure of protein depends on the size of R.

(a) When a monodentate ligand has two possible donor atoms and attached in two ways to the central metal atom then that ligand is called ambidentate ligand. e.g. nitro (NO₂) and nitrito (ONO). These show linkage isomerism. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(a) It is because extent of H-bonding is more in CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ than 2° and 3° amines.
(b) It is because H-bonds are stronger in alcohols than amines because 'O' is more electronegative than 'N'.
(c) It is because \(\stackrel{\oplus}{\mathrm{RNH}_{3}}\) is more stable than \(\underset{\mathrm{ROH2}}{\oplus}\) . +ve charge on oxygen is not stable.
(d) It is because primary amines can form H-bonds with water to more extent.
(e) C₂H₅CH(CH₃)₂ < CH₃(CH₂)₃CH₃ < C₂H₅N(CH₃)₂ < (C₂H₅)₂NH < C₄H₉NH₂.
Isopentane has lower boiling point that n-Pentane due to branching less surface area, less van der Waals' forces of attraction. 3° < 2° < 1° is order of boiling point in amines because extent of H-bonding increases.

(a) Cis-platin
(b) Coordination number of Co is 6 because 'en' (ethane 1, 2-diammine) is bidentate ligand.
(c) \(\left[\mathrm{An}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}\right]^{\ominus}\) Dicyanido aurate(1)
(d) EDTA, it is hexadentate ligand.
(e) It is done by reacting with sodium thio sulphate
AgBr + 2Na₂S₂O₃ \(\rightarrow\) Na₃[Ag(SP₃)₂] + NaBr
                                 Sodium dithio sulphato argentate (I)