What is the name of the simplest aromatic aldehyde?

Write the IUPAC name of the following:
\(\left( CH_{ 3 } \right) _{ 2 }CH-CH_{ 2 }-\underset { \underset { O }{ || } }{ C- } CH(CH_{ 3 })_{ 2 }\)

Describe the trends in the following properties of the first series of the transition elements:
(i) Oxidation states
(ii) Atomic sizes
(iii) Magnetic behaviour of dispositive gaseous ions \((M^{ 2+ })\).

Why are benzenediazonium salts soluble in water?

What is misch metal? Mention its two important uses.

Which of the following compounds do not undergo aldol condensation?

The stability of Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺,Cr²⁺, Co²⁺ is in order of (At o. of Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Cr = 24, Co = 27)

Amines on treatment with acids yield salt  because they are

Which of the following is the correct decreasing order of basicity os amines in gaseous phase?

The correct order of basic strength of CH₃NH₂(I), (CH₃)₂NH(II), (CH₃)₃N(III), C₆H₅CH₂NH₂(IV) in gaseous phase is

The purple colour of KMnO₄ is due to

Phenol and benzoic acid may be distinguished by their reaction with

When CH₂ = CH ^_ COOH is reduced with LiAIH₄ the compound obtained will be

Amoung the following compounds. most acidic is 

Formation of interstitial compounds makes the transition metal

Arrange the following in increasing order of property specified:
(i) Aniline, ethanamine, 3-ethylethanamine (solubility in water)
(ii) Ethanoic acid, ethanamine, ethanol (boiling point)
(iii) Methanamine, N, N- dimethylmethanamine and N-methylmethanamine (basic strength in aqueous phase).

Identify A, B, C, D and E in the following sequence of reactions:
\(\mathrm{A} \stackrel{\mathrm{Cl}_{2}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CHCl}_{3} \stackrel{\mathrm{NaOH}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{B} \stackrel{\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COCl}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{C} \stackrel{\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6} / \mathrm{AlCl}_{3}}{\longrightarrow} \mathbf{E}+\mathrm{D}\)

\((A) \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \stackrel{\mathrm{HCl}}{\longrightarrow}(B) \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{13} \mathrm{Cl}+(\mathrm{C}), \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{13} \mathrm{Cl}\)
\(\\ (B) \stackrel{\text { Alcoholic KOH }}{\longrightarrow}(E),\)
(positive iodoform and negative Fehling's solution test)
\((D) \stackrel{\text { Ozonolysis }}{\longrightarrow}(E), (positive \ iodoform \ and \ negative \ Fehling's \ solution \ test) \)
\(\\ (A) \stackrel{\text { Ozonolysis }}{\longrightarrow}(F)+(G), (positive \ Tollen's \ test \ for \ both)\)
\( (F)+(G) \stackrel{\text { Conc. } \mathrm{NaOH}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{HCOONa}+\text { A primary alcohol }\)
\(\\ Identify\ the \ compounds (A) to (G)\) 

Account for the following :
(a) Transition metals show variable oxidation states.
(b) Zn, Cd and Hg are soft metals
(c) E^o value for the Mn³⁺ /Mn²⁺ couple is highly positive (+ 1.57 V) as compared to Cr³⁺ /Cr²⁺.
(ii) Write one similarity and one difference between the chemistry of lanthanoid and actinoid elements.

Explain why Cu(I) ion is not stable in aqueous solution ?

An organic acid 'A' C₅H₁₀O₂ reacts with Br₂ in presence of phosphorus to give 'B'. Compound 'B' contains an asymmetric carbon atom and yields 'C' on dehydrobromination. Compound 'C' does not show geometrical isomerism and on decarboxylation gives an alkene 'D' which on ozonolysis gives 'E' and 'F'. Give structures of A, B, C, D, E and F.

Write the major product(s) in the following reactions.
\(\begin{equation} \text { (i) } \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}-\mathrm{NO}_{2} \stackrel{\mathrm{Sn} / \mathrm{HCl}}{\longrightarrow} ? \end{equation}\)

\(\begin{equation} \text { (iii) } \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CONH}_{2} \stackrel{\mathrm{Br}_{2} / \mathrm{KOH}(\mathrm{aq} .)}{\longrightarrow} ? \end{equation}\)

(i) Nb₄ is paramagnetic while NbX₄ (X = : Cl, Br, I) are diamagnetic, why?
(ii) Out of La(OH)₃ and Lu(OH)₃, which is more basic and why?

Assertion: Pure iron is not used for making tools and machines.
Reason: Pure iron is hard.
Codes:
a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
c) Assertion is not true but the reason is true.
d) Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion : Nitrating mixture used for carrying out nitration of benzene consists of conc. HNO₃⁺ conc. H₂SO₄
Reason : In presence of H₂SO₄, HNO₃ acts as a base and produces NO₂⁺ ions.
Codes:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Assertion : Acetanilide is less basic than aniline.
Reason : Acetylation of aniline results in decrease of electron density on nitrogen.
Codes:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Assertion: Ketones are more reactive than aldehydes towards nucleophilic addition.
Reason: The alkyl groups in ketone increase the electron density on the carbonyl carbon through the +I effect.
Codes:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
(d) If the assertion is false but the reason is true.
(e) If the assertion and reason both are false

Assertion: Europium (II) is more stable than cerium (II).
Reason: Cerium salts are used as a catalyst in petroleum cracking.
​​​​​​​Codes:
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are collectively called carboxyl compounds which are widely spread both in plants and animal kingdom. They play an important role in biological processes. They are responsible for fragrance and flavour of naturally occurring compounds e.g., Vanilline (from vanilla beans), salicylaldehyde (from meadowsweet), cinnamaldehyde (from cinnamon) and isoamyl acetate (from banana) have pleasant flavour.
Acetone and acetic acid are widely used as solvents. Various carboxylic acids are used to prepare drugs (Analgesics, antipyretics etc.).
(a) Convert benzaldehyde to Cinnamaldehyde?
(b) What is IUPAC name of 
(c) Write the structural formula of Isoamyl acetate.
(d) What happens when 2 moles of acetone are condensed in presence of Ba(OH)₂? Write chemical equation.
(e) What happens when acetic acid is heated with P₂O₅?

Observe the graph of transition metal and their melting points and answer the questions based on the graph and related concepts.

(a) Why does W (tungsten) has highest melting point?
(b) Which element in 3d series has lowest enthalpy of atomisation and why?
(c) Why is mercury liquid?
(d) Why are transition metals less electropositive than 's'-block elements?
(e) How does density vary from left to right in 3d series and why?