Since the hydrocarbon gives a single monochloride all the I8H atoms are equivalent. This means it has six \({ CH }_{ 3 }\) groups attached to the interlinked C atoms.
Therefore, its structure is
 \({ CH }_{ 3 }-\overset { \underset { | }{ { CH }_{ 3 } } }{ \underset { \overset { | }{ { CH }_{ 3 } } }{ C } } -\overset { \underset { | }{ { CH }_{ 3 } } }{ \underset { \overset { | }{ { CH }_{ 3 } } }{ C } } -{ CH }_{ 3 }\)

In [NiCl₄]^2-, Ni is +2 oxidation state with the configuration 3d⁸4s⁰. Cl^- is weak ligand. It cannot pair up the electrons in 3d orbitals. Hence, it is paramagnetic. In [Ni(CO)₄], Ni is in zero oxidation state with the configuration 3d⁸4s². In the presence of CO ligand, the 4s electrons shift to 3d to pair up 3d electrons. Thus, there is no unpaired electron present. Hence, it is diamagnetic.

(i)The ion whose one end is positively charged and other end is negatively charged is called Zwitter ion, e.g., 
\({ H }_{ 2 }N-CH_{ 2 }-COOH\rightleftharpoons { H }_{ 3 }^{ \oplus }N-CH_{ 2 }-COO^{ - }\)
(ii) Glycosidic Linkage: The oxide linkage between monosachharide units in oligo and polysachharide is called glycosidic linkage, e.g.

(i) +3 (III)  
(ii) dsp, octahedral
(iii) paramagnetic
(iv) Two geometrical isomers
(v) Yes, there may be optical isomer also due to presence of polydentate ligand.
(vi) Dichlorido bis-(ethane 1, 2-diamine) Iron (III)

\(Elevation \ in \ boiling \ point, \)
\(\triangle { T }_{ b }=68.04-61.7\)
= 6.34 K
Mass of substance.
WB = 6.21 g, Mass of chloro form = 2.40 g
\( { K }_{ b }=3.63°C/m,\)
\({ K }_{ b }=\frac { \triangle { T }_{ b }\times{ M }_{ b }\times{ W }_{ A } }{ { W }_{ B }\times1000 } \)
\(\\ or \ \ { K }_{ b }=\frac { K_{ b }\times{ W }_{ b }\times{ 1000 } }{ \triangle { T }_{ b }\times{ W }_{ A } } \)
\(=\frac { 3.63\times6.21\times1000 }{ 6.34\times24 }\)
\( =148.15g \ mo{ l }^{ -1 }\)

The stereoisomers which are non-superimposable mirror images are called enantiomers, e.g. d(+) glucose and l(-) glucose are enantiomers.

More than 100 amino acid residues are joined together by peptide linkage to form a linear chain polymer (protein).

(i) Isotonic solutions : An isotonic solution refers to two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane. This state allows for the free movement of water across the membrane without changing the concentration of solutes on either side.
(ii)Hypertonic solution: A hypertonic solution is a particular type of solution that has a greater concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell when compared with the inside of a cell.
(iii) Hypotonic solution: The solution having lower osmotic pressure than another solution.

The oxidation states are : Cr (III), Fe (II) and Zn (II).
E.C. of Cr³⁺ = 3d³, unpaired electrons = 3 (inner orbital complex)
E.C. of Fe²⁺= 3d⁶ , unpaired electrons = 4 (outer orbital/high spin complex)
E.C. of Zn²⁺= 3d¹⁰ , unpaired electrons = 0 (outer orbital complex)
\(\mu =\sqrt { n\left( n+2 \right) } \) Hence (ii) has highest magnetic moment.

(a) (i) Azeotrope: Those solutions which distill out unchanged in their composition are called azeotropes. They are constant boiling mixtures.
(ii) Osmotic pressure: It is an extra pressure which must be applied on solution side so as to stop the flow of solvent molecules into solution when both are separated by a semipermeable membrane.
(iii) Colligative property: The property which depends on the number of particles of solute and not on the nature of solute is called colligative property.
(b) Molarity (M)
= \(\frac{W_{B}}{M_{B}} \times \frac{1000}{\text { Volume of solution in } \mathrm{mL}}\) 
= \(\frac{9.8}{98} \times \frac{1000}{\frac{\text { Mass of solution }}{\text { density of solution }}}\) 
= \(\frac{9.8}{98} \times \frac{1000}{\frac{100}{1.02}}=1.02 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{~L}^{-1}\) 

(a) Positive Deviation from Raoults Law: Those non-ideal solutions, in which partial pressure of each component 'A' and 'B' is higher than that calculated from Raoult's law show positive deviation from Raoult s law, e.g. water and ethanol show positive deviation because the force of attraction between ethanol-water is less than between ethanol-ethanol and water-water molecules, therefore, vapour pressure is high.

A solution that shows positive deviation from Raoult's law.
Ideal solution follows Raoult's law at all concentrations and temperatures.
(b) CaCl2 \(\longrightarrow\) Ca²⁺ + 2CI^- ;
Given;   W_B = 10g M = 111 g mor^-1, i = 3
K_b = 0.512 K kg mol_-1 and W_A = 200 g.
Now,  \(\Delta T_{b}=i K_{b} \times \frac{W_{B}}{M_{B}} \times \frac{1000}{W_{A}}\) 
\(\Rightarrow \quad \Delta T_{b}=3 \times 0.512 \times \frac{10}{111} \times \frac{1000}{200}\) 
= \(\frac{76.8}{111}=0.692 \mathrm{~K}\) 

(i) Vitamin B-complex and vitamin C are water soluble vitamins.
(ii) Vitamin C is chemically ascorbic acid while vitamin D is ergocalciferol.
(iii) Green leafy vegetables like spinach, cabbage, carrot etc.
(iv) It is essentially needed for body. The deficiency of vitamin K leads to blood clotting and even harmorrhage

\({ \triangle }_{ t }=\left( \frac { 4 }{ 9 } \right) { \triangle }_{ 0 }\).  Thus,  \({ \triangle }_{ t }\) is smaller than \({ \triangle }_{ 0 }\).  Hence, less energy (higher wavelength) is absorbed by tetrahedral complexes than by octahedral complexes of the same metal and ligands.  Therefore, the observed colour are different.

\([Mn(CN)_6]^{3-}\)
d²sp³, (ii) inner orbital complex, (iii) paramagnetic, (iv) 2.87 B.M.
(i) d²sp³ (ii) Inner orbital complex, (iii) diamagnetic, (iv) \(\mu=0\)
(i) d²sp³, (ii) Inner orbital complex, (iii) paramagnetic, (iv) 3.87 B.M.
(i) sp³d², (ii) outer orbital complex (iii) paramagnetic (iv) 4.9 B.M.