As a biology student, I would suggest the following method that can protect these threatened species from becoming extinct.
Ex situ conservation: The threatened species of plants and animals are taken out of their habitats and are kept in special setting such as zoological parts, botanical gardens and wildlife sanctuaries. In the present scenario, the gametes of endangered species can be preserved by methods like cryopreservation and can be fertilised in vitro followed by propagation through tissue culture methods. Similarly, seeds can be preserved in seed banks. This type of conservation method is an off-site conservation method.

Man can be a primary as well as secondary consumer because man eats plants as well as meat of other animals. So, man is herbivores as well as carnivores.

Nematode - Meloidogyne incognita.
(i) A nematode Meloidogyne incognita infect the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that builds to and prevents translation of the mRNA (silencing).
(ii) Using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host plant. The introduction of DNA was such that it produces both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells. These two RNAs being complementary to each other formed a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that initiated RNAi and thus silenced the specificmRNA of the nematode. As a consequence the parasite could not survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA

(a) Saccharum officinarum, crossed with, North Indian variety (Saccharum barberi) to increase quality.
(b)Aphids
(ii) Jassids I aphids I fruit borer
(iii) Okra (Bhindi).

(i) Glycosidic bond (C-N-C)
(ii) Phospho-ester bond
(iii) Phospho-diester bond
(iv) Hydrogen bond [Double hydrogen bond between A & T (A=T) & Triple hydrogen gas bond between C & G (C\(\equiv \)G)]

Colour blindness is a sex-linked discase. The gene for this disorder is presenton theX-chromosome. Hence, it is carried by normal females not expressing the disease. If a colourblind child is born to a normal couple, then the motlher could be the carrier of the disease.The inherilance of tlhe disorder is shown by cross.

The humans first evolved around 2.5 million years ago and agriculture began about 11 thousand years ago. It is since then that humans have started to exploit the forest land for agriculture. Development in medical technology has increased the lifespan of humans, decreased the mortality rate of mother and child, further aggrevating the problem of human population.
Along with this, the industrial revolution caused enormous consumption of earth's resources and giving back a lot of air pollution. The enormous amount of waste being generated every day is destroying the natural habitat of other species, be it aquatic or terrestrial, endangering and later causing extinction thereof. This is how human activities have led to the increase in conflict between humans and wildlife.

Microbes are found everywhere, i.e. in soil, water, in/on plants, animals, human, etc. They play very important role in human life in many ways. for example,
(i) in human life products like baking bread, idli, cheese, beer, wine, vinegar, etc.
(ii) enzymes, amino acids, vitamins, antibiotics, organic acids and alcohols are commercially manufactured from the microorganisms.
(iii) live attenuated virus, bacteria and protozoans have been used to develop vaccines for protection from dysentery, typhoid, cholera, etc.
(iv) microbes play an important role in agriculture and recycling of important elements like oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus.
(v) microbes are used as biocontrol agents in place of pesticides, herbicides, etc.

Earthworm, Sponge, Tapeworm, Leech.

A. Water  (Hydrophily)
B. Silk moth (Entomophily)
C. Water (Hydrophily)
D. Wind (Air)
E. Insects (Entomophily)
F. Bats

(i) Measure to check over-population
1. Use of contraceptive measures.
2. Education.
3. Raising of marriageable age.
4. Couples with small families should be given incentive.
(ii) Propaganda campaign:
1. display of posters showing a happy couple with one or two children.
2. Small street corner skits highlighting need for small family.
3. Use of TV media or print media.

Features of Cloning vectors:
(i) Origin of Replication (Ori)
This is the sequence of DNA from where replication starts.
Any piece of alien/foreign DNA linked to it is made to replicate within host cell; it also decides the copy number of the linked DNA.
(ii) Selectable marker
"A marker is a gene, which helps in selecting the host cells, which are transformants/recombinants from the non-recombinant ones, e.g. ampicillin and tetracycline resistant genes in E.coli.
(iii) Cloning site
The vector should have a few, preferably one unique recognition site to link 'the foreign DNA; presence of a particular cloning/recognition site enables the particular restriction enzyme to cut the vector DNA.

(a) Amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
(b) Symptoms:
(i) Constipation 
(ii) Abdominal cramps and pain.
(iii) Stool with excess mucus and blood clots.
Transmission 
Drinking water and food contaminated with the faeces of infected persons.
Houseflies act as mechanical carriers and transmit the parasite from faeces to food and water.

One
One
Two

(i) National Park belongs to In situ conservation method.
(ii) First national park of India is Haileys National Park which is now called as Jim Corbett National Park.
(iii) According to National Wildlife Database Cell, Wildlife Institute of India there are 103 national parks till now.
(iv) His friend is calm and has knowledge about biodiversity.

(a) Competition is an interaction between organism for the life requirements(nutrition, shelter, sunlight, etc.). It is of two types: intraspecific and interspecific. Efforts of a tiger and a leopard for a prey is an interspecific competition. In general, it is believed that competition occurs among closely related species when they compete for the same resources that are limited.
(b) But it is found to be not true always for the following reasons:
(i) Completely unrelated species can also compete for the same sources. e.g., In certain shallow lakes of South America, the visiting flamingoes and the native fishes compete for the same zooplankton as their food.
(ii) Resources need not be limiting for competition to occur, the feeding efficiency of one species might be reduced due to the interfering and inhibitory presence of the other species, even if resources are plenty.
e.g., Abinddon tortoise in Galapagos island became extinct within a decade after goats were introduced into the island: this was due to the fact that the goats had greater browsing efficiency than the tortoise.
(c) Another evidence for competition is competitive release, a phenomenon in which a species whose distribution is restricted to a small geographical area due to the presence of a competitively superior species, expands its distributional range when the competing species is experimentally removed.
(d) Gause's competitive exclusion principle
states that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot exist together as the competitively inferior one will be eliminated, but this is true only when the resources are limiting and not otherwise.
They have also pointed out that species facing competition might evolve mechanisms that promote co-existence, rather than exclusion.
(e) Mac Arthur had shown that five closely related species of warblers living on the same tree were able to avoid competition and co-exist to behavioural differences in their foraging activities.

1. A slaughtered animal produces very little hormone so that the demand was always higher than the supply.
2. It is unethical to slaughter animals for obtaining the drug.
3. Contamination was quite common

Differences between natality rate and mortality rate

During aerobic condition, the decomposing bacteria multiply very rapidly and associate with fungal filaments to form flocs. The aerobic bacteria decompose large amount of organic wastes of wastewater in the presence of oxygen produced by algae. But during anaerobic degradation, some toxic gases are produced which kill the bacteria and fungi.

Fruit formation fails in rose is due to following reasons:
(i) Rose plants may not produce viable pollen.
(ii) Rose plants may not have functional egg.
(iii) Rose plants may bear abortive ovules.
(iv) Being hybrids, the meiotic process may be abnormal, which leads to formation of non-viable gametes.
(v) There may be self-incompatibility.
(vi) Ther may be internal hinderances for pollen tubes growth and fertilisation.

Ornamental plants:
(i) Chrysanthemum
(ii) Lily
(iii) Petunia
(iv) Rose
(v) Marigold.
Flowers used in Social celebration:
(i) Jasmine
(ii) Rose
(iii) Chrysanthemum
(iv) Lotus
(v) Marigold.

Try to create awareness among them regarding vasectomy.

(a) polythene packets
(b) vegetable peels
(c) Dry cells, blades
(d) aluminium foils
(e) Pieces of glass etc. Polythene packets can be avoided by using cotton bags, jute bags etc.(or any other waste with reason)

a) Due to insert the recombinant plasmids loose the tetracycline resistance.
b) Insertional inactivation.
c) To select recombinants from non-recombinants.

Tobacco budworm.
The protein coded by cnJIAc gene control the cotton bollworms

(a) From the fully developed foetus / placenta / foetal ejection reflex.
(b) It contains antibodies (IgA),provides immunity to the child.

Features that characterise AIDS
1.Lymphopenia 
2.Selective cell deficiency
3.Polyclonal activation of Bulls and increased spontaneous secretions of lg.
4.Decreased cyctotoxic responses by T-cells.
5.Decreased antibody response to new antigens.
6.Altered monocycte/macrophage function

Genome. A complete set of genes (coded information in DNA) contained in the haploid set of chromosomes and inherited as a unit from one parent. 
Gene pool. All the genotypes of all the individuals in a population make gene pool.
Factors. The characters which are carried by an organism in the form of hereditary units are called factors or determinants,  these days also called genes.
Punnet square. (Proposed by R.C. Punnett). It is a chequer board used to show the results of a cross between two organisms and depicts both genotype and phenotype of the progeny.

Cultivation of Sugarcane
1. Saccharum barberi, originally grown in North India, had poor sugar content.
2. Saccharum officinarum, grown in South India, has thicker stems and higher sugar content.
3. A cross has been made between these species and the hybrid variety, combining the desirable qualities like thick stem, high sugar content and higher yield, is being grown in North India.
Cultivation of Millets.
1. Several hybrid varieties of maize, bajra and jowar have been developed in India.
2. These breeding programmes have resulted in the development of high yielding varieties that are resistant to water stress.

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the opened anther of the stamen to the receptive stigma of the carpel. It is needed for the process of fertilization and production of seeds and fruits to ensure continuity of plant life.

Cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation. They, however, live in semiaquatic and aquatic habitats. Paddy fields contain water. Therefore, cyanobacteria can be inoculated in these fields for nitrogen fertility.

Sacred groves are found in
(i) Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya
(ii) Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan.
(iii) Western Ghat regions in Karnataka and Maharashtra
(iv) Sarguja, chanda and bastar areas of mathaya pradesh.

convergent evolution is the evolutionary process, where anatomically different structures in different groups of organisms evolve towards the same function, in similar habitats.
Such structures in different groups of organisms which perform similar function, but are anatomically different, are called analogous organs.
The wings of a butterfly and those of bird are anatomically different, but perform the same function (flying); hence they are said to be analogous organs.

hnRNA undergoes splicing to remove introns and join exons.Splicing occurs in the nucleus of the cell.