Enzyme ADA (adenosine deaminase) Cause- deletion of a gene for ADA Cure of the disease-
a) bone marrow transplant
b) Enzyme replacement therapy
c) Gene therapy on lymphocytes
d) Introduction of gene from bone marrow cells producing ADA in to cells at early embryonic stage (for permanent cure)

The two objectives of setting up Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) by the Indian Government are
(i) to make decisions regarding the validity of GM research
(ii) to make decisions regarding the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services

Three critical research areas of biotechnology are:
1. Providing the best catalyst in the form of improved organism usually a microbe or pure enzyme.
2. Creating optimal conditions through engineering for a catalyst to act, and
3.Downstream processing technologies to purify the protein/organic compound

The applications of biotechnology include therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment, and energy production.

Golden rice is a genetically modified rice with high levels of β-carotene and other carotenoids. This rice is modified in order to enhance the quantity of vitamin-A in it. It is called golden due to the gold-like colour it gets from β -carotene.

Plants, fungi, bacteria and animals whose DNA has been manipulated to possess and express a foreign DNA, are called, genetically modified organisms or transgenic organisms.
The factors are:
(i) The nature of gene transferred.
(ii) The nature of the host cell.

Biopiracy should be prevented because
(i) The countries/people concerned are not given adequate compensatory payment.
(ii) The countries/people also lose their right to grow and use in breeding experiments to improve other varieties of the same species. Biopiracy can be prevented by framing laws to prevent the unauthorised exploitation.

A hereditary disease can be corrected by gene therapy, which is a collection of methods that allows correction or replacement of a defective gene.
Correction of a genetic defect involves the delivery of a normal gene in the individual at the embryonic stage; this is to make the delivered/introduced  gene to take the function of the defective, gene.
ADA-deficiency has been corrected by gene therapy.

It is the prohormone which needs to be processed before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone/, insulin.Proinsulin has three polypeptide chains (A, B and C), whereas insulin has only two (A and B) polypeptide chains.

Adenosine deaminase enzyme is necessary for the proper functioning of our immune system.
ADA deficiency is caused by the deletion of the gene for ADA.
If the normal gene producing ADA can be isolated from marrow cells and introduced into cells at early embryonic stages, it could be a permanent cure