Counseling should be provided to students about reproduction related problems as
(i) Students are experiencing physical, physiological and psychological changes during adolescence.
(ii) Students should be guided about harms of early sex, hygiene of reproductive organs and STDs.

(i) It is a non-steroidal preparation.
(ii) It is a 'once' a week' pill.
(iii) It has high contraceptive value.
(iv) It has fewer side effects than other oral contraceptives.

Cut is an intra-uterine device (IUD) and functions as follows:
1. It suppresses sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms.
2. It increases phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.

(i) Measure to check over-population
1. Use of contraceptive measures.
2. Education.
3. Raising of marriageable age.
4. Couples with small families should be given incentive.
(ii) Propaganda campaign:
1. display of posters showing a happy couple with one or two children.
2. Small street corner skits highlighting need for small family.
3. Use of TV media or print media.

STDs can be prevented by
(i) Avoiding sex with unknown partner or multiple partners.
(ii) Avoid unprotected sexual intercourse, always use condoms.
(iii) Use sterilised needles and syringes.
(iv) In case of doubt, consult a doctor as early as possible for early detection and get completely treated if diagnosed with disease.

The assisted reproductive technologies enable the infertile couples to have children.
lIFT refers to the method of embryo transfer in the test tube baby programme, in which the zygote or embryo upto 8-blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube.
GIFT refers to the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor female into the fallopian tube of another female, who cannot produce an ovum, but can provide suitable conditions for fertilisation and pregnancy.
Intrauterine transfer refers to the transfer of embryo with more than 8-blastomeres into the uterus of a female.

Demography.   The scientific study of human population is called demography.It deals with three phenomena:
(i) Changes in population, i.e., growth or decline.
(ii) Composition of the population, i.e., age groups, sex ratios.
(iii) Distribution of population in space.
Demographic study is carried out through census,  registration of births and deaths.