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Published on: 30/09/2019
Relations and Functions
Download CBSE Class 12th Standard CBSE Maths question papers, sample papers, important questions, and previous year solved papers in PDF format. Get free study materials, NCERT solutions, and exam preparation resources for Class 12th Standard CBSE Maths
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1.
Define a binary operation * on the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} as \(a * b=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} a+b, & \text { if } a+b<6 \\ a+b-6 & \text { if } a+b \geq 6 \end{array}\right.\) show that 0 is the identity for this operation and each element of the set is invertible with 6 - a being the inverse of a.
2.
Let X be a non-empty set, Let * be a binary operation on the power set P(X) defined by A * B = A n B. What is the identify element for the operation * ? Given X is a set of people in a locality, A is a set of children and B is a set of citizens aged above 75 years in the same locality. Is * an invertible binary Feration for these sets as defined above?
What qualities would you suggest that elements of A should have towards elements of B?
3.
Find \(fof^{ -1 }\) and \(f^{ -1 }\) of for the function:
\(f(x)=\frac { 1 }{ x } ,x\neq 0\). Also prove that \(fof^{ -1 }\)= \(f^{ -1 }\) of .
4.
Consider the binary operation * on the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a*b = min{a, b}. Write the operation table of the operation *.
5.
Consider \(f:R_+\rightarrow[-5,\infty) \) given by f(x) = 9x2 + 6x - 5. Show that f is invertible with \(f^{-1}(y)={(\sqrt{(y+6)}-1)\over3}\)
1.
Let X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
The operation * on X is defined as:
\(a * b=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} a+b, & \text { if } a+b<6 \\ a+b-6 & \text { if } a+b \geq 6 \end{array}\right.\)
An element e ∈ X is the identity element for the operation *, if a * e = a = e * a ∀ a ∈ X
For a ∈ X we observed that
a * 0 = a + 0 =a [a ∈ X ⇒ a + 0 < 6]
0 * a = 0 + a = a [a ∈ X ⇒ 0 + a < 6]
a * 0 = a = 0 * a ∀ a ∈ X
Thus, 0 is the identity element for the given operation *.
An element a ∈ X is invertible if there exists b∈ X such that a * b = 0 = b * a.
ie \(\left\{\begin{array}{ll} a+b=0=b+a & \text { if } a+b<6 \\ a+6-6=0=b+a-6 & \text { if } a+b \geq 6 \end{array}\right.\)
i.e.,
a = −b or b = 6 − a
But, X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and a, b ∈ X. Then, a ≠ −b.
2.
It is given that * P(X) x P(X) -7 P(X) is defined as
\(A*B=A\cap B\forall A,B\in \ P(X)\)
we know that
\(A\cap X=A=X\cap A\forall \in \quad P(X)\)
\(\Rightarrow A*X=A=X*A\forall A\in P(X)\)
Thus, X is the identity element for the given binary operation * .
Now, an element A P(X) is invertible if there exists B P(X) such that, A*B = X = B*A.
(AS X is the identity element)
\(A\cap B=A=B\cap A\)
Thus, X is the only invertible element in P(X) with
respect to the given operation * .
Hence, the given result is proved.
Values:
Respect for elders,
Concern for the aged,
Lending a helping hand.
3.
Here \(f(x)=y=\frac { 1 }{ x } \Rightarrow x=\frac { 1 }{ y } .\)
\(\therefore \) \(f^{ -1 }=\{ (y,x)\} =\left\{ \left( y,\frac { 1 }{ y } \right) \right\} \)
\(\Rightarrow \) \(f^{ -1 }(x)=\frac { 1 }{ x } .\)
\(\therefore \) \(fof^{ -1 }(x)=f\left( \frac { 1 }{ x } \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 1/x } =x.\)
Also \(f^{ -1 }\quad of\quad (x)=f^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 1 }{ x } \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 1/x } =x.\)
Thus \(fof^{ -1 }(x)=f^{ -1 }\quad of\quad (x)\)
Hence, \(fof^{ -1 }=f^{ -1 }\quad of.\)
4.
Given a * b = min {a, b]
Operation table for * is
| * | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
5.
\(f(x_{ 1 })=f(x_{ 2 })\)
\(\Rightarrow \) \(9x_{ 1 }^{ 2 }+6x_{ 1 }-5=9x_{ 2 }^{ 2 }+6x_{ 2 }-5\)
\(\Rightarrow \) \(9(x_{ 1 }^{ 2 }-x_{ 2 }^{ 2 })+6(x_{ 1 }-x_{ 2 })=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \) \((x_{ 1 }-x_{ 2 })\quad (9(x_{ 1 }+x_{ 2 })+6=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \) \(x_{ 1 }-x_{ 2 }=0\Rightarrow x_{ 1 }=x_{ 2 }\)
\(\Rightarrow \) \(f\) is one-one \(\Rightarrow \) \(f\) is invertible
Let \(y=f(x)=9x^{ 2 }+6x-5\)
\(\Rightarrow \) \(9x^{ 2 }+6x-(5+y)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \) \(x=\frac { -6\pm \sqrt { 36+36(5+y) } }{ 18 } \)
\(=\frac { -6+6\sqrt { 6+y } }{ 18 } =\frac { -1\pm \sqrt { y+6 } }{ 3 } \)
Since \(x\ge 0,\)
\(\therefore \) \(x=\frac { -1-\sqrt { y+6 } }{ 3 } \) is not possible.
\(\therefore \) \(x=\frac { -1+\sqrt { y+6 } }{ 3 } \).
Hence \(f^{ -1 }(y)=\frac { \sqrt { y+6 } -1 }{ 3 } \)
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