Question Set D

CBSE 12th Standard Biology Reproductive Health Important Questions And Answers Study Material - QB365

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Questions:

1 Marks

6 x 1 = 6

Govt of India has raised The marriageable age of female to 18 years and of males to 21 years. Suggest any two more measures adopted by Government for the purpose.

Oral contraceptive pills help in control by
(a) killing sperms
(b) killing ova
(c) preventing ovulation
(d) formaing barrier between sperms and ova.

Which have age group highest infection rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV?

What is growth rate of our population as per 2011 census report?-

Define in vitro fertilisation

Mention any two events that are inhibited by the intake of oral contraceptive pills to prevent pregnancy in humans.

Generic 2

9 x 2 = 18

Explain how surrogacy is helpful in case of infertile women.

Give a scientific term for the following sentences.
(i) Total number of individuals of a species in an area.
(ii) A surgical procedure performed on males in which the vas deferens are cut tied is known as.............
(iii) A contraceptive device consisting of a small thimble-shaped cup that is placed over the uterus to prevent the entrance of spermatozoa...........
(iv) Removal of gonads, often referring to the removal of male testes is called..................

Write a note on Test Tube Babies.

10.

Copper ions-releasing IUDs are more efficient than non-medicated methods. Why?

11.

Why are MTPs carried out?

12.

What is Saheli? Where has it been developed?

13.

What are the objectives of RCH?

14.

At the time of Independence the population of India was 350 million which exploded to over one billion by May 2000. List any two reasons for the rice in population and any two steps taken by the government to check this population ecplosion.

15.

Why is Cu-T considered a good contraceptive device to space children?

Generic 3

10 x 3 = 30

16.

Geeta & her mother were going to market. On they way to market they came across a street play being staged. The play was about the female foeticide. Later Geeta asked her mother as to why the people terminate the female foetus.
(i) How & at what stage of development the determination of sex of the foetus can be done.
(ii) How it can be stopped.
(iii) What values are exhibited by Geeta.

17.

Describe any three steps taken up by our government to check population growth rate.

18.

Classify the following contraceptive measures into different methods of birth control.
(i) Saheli
(ii) Tubectomy
(iii) Vasectomy
(iv) Condoms
(v) Diaphragms
(vi) Cervical caps

19.

In your opinion, what can be the two most probable reasons for rapid rise of population in our country from about 350 million at the time of independence to about 1 billion by the year 2000?

20.

What are test-tube babies?

21.

Describe the different methods of embryo transfer.

22.

Name any six venereal diseases.

23.

Describe the three manners in which fertilisation of human ovum by a sperm can be prevented.

24.

Write any six characteristics that indicate a reproductively healthy society.

25.

How are assisted reproductive technologies helpful to humans? How are ZIFT and GIFT different from intra uterine transfers? Explain.

Generic 5

4 x 5 = 20

26.

Mohan along with his friends went to see a movie. In this movie the hero was performing the role of a sperm donor. One of Mohan's friends made a remark that sperm donation is only a means of earning money. But Mohan contradicted his statement and told that sperm donation can be of a great help for the infertile couples.
Answer the following questions on the basis of above information:
(i) Who was right Mohan or his friend?
(ii) Sperm donation is useful in what type of infertility cases.
(iii) What values are being dipicted in the movie?

27.

Amit observed that the children of labourers, working at the construction site of his new house, were not having proper clothes and malnourished. He asked sympathetically to one of the labourers the reason of possible condition of their children. Labourer told him that he does not earn enough to fulfil the needs of his family. Amit suggested that although he can not increase his income but he can control his family size by using birth control techniques and advised him to go to the nearest primary health centre where such devices are freely available.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What value is displayed by Amit?
(ii) What are the methods available for birth control?
(iii) What is the additional advantage of using condom?

28.

STDs are a threat to reproductive health.Describe any two such diseases and suggest preventive measures.

29.

How can education help in building up a socially responsible and reproductively healthy society?
(Enumerate the aspects that should be emphasised).

Multiple Choice Question

4 x 1 = 4

30.

It is a disease which mainly affects mucous membrane of urinogenital tract. In males, burning feeling on passing urine, after a yellow discharge occurs, that is accompanied by fever, headache and feeling of illness.

(a)

Syphilis

(b)

Gonorrhoea

(c)

Genital warts

(d)

Trichomoniasis

31.

Oral contraceptive pills helps in birth control by

(a)

killing sperms

(b)

killing ova

(c)

preventing ovulation

(d)

forming barrier between sperms and ova

32.

Choose the correct answer regarding the ZIFT procedure?

(a)

Ova collected from a female donor are transferred to the fallopian tube to facilitate zygote formation.

(b)

Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the fallopian tube.

(c)

Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus

(d)

Ova collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus

33.

Which of the following birth control measures can be considered as the safest?

(a)

the rhythm method

(b)

the use of physical barriers

(c)

termination of unwanted pregnancy

(d)

sterilization techniques

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Answers Key:

1 Marks

6 x 1 = 6

()
(i) Incentives given to couples with small families.
(ii) Media Publicity-posters of happy couples with two children.
(iii) Families to use contraceptive measures.

()
(c)

()
Young people between 15-24 years.

()
1.7% (17/1000/year).

()
In vitro fertilisation refers to the fusion of gametes outside the body in almost similar conditions as that of the body in the laboratory.

()
Ovulation and implantaion.

Generic 2

9 x 2 = 18

Surrogacy is a practice in which a woman ( a surrogate mother ) bears a child for a couple unable to produce children; usually, because the wife is infertile or unable to carry a pregnancy to full term.
The surrogate mother is impregnated with the use of artificial insemination or through the implantation of the embryo produced by in vitro fertilization.

(i) Population
(ii) Vasectomy
(iii) Cervical cap
(iv) Castration

Test Tube Babies:
In some women normal conception is not possible because of blocked oviducts or spermicidal secretions in the vagina or low sperm count of the husband.In such cases, her ovum is removed, fertilized by her husband's sperm in a laboratory dish, checked that development has begun, and a morula (up to 32 cell stage) replaced or implanted in her uterus.The entire operation is carried on under sterilised conditions. With proper medical care, she will give birth to a normal child on the completion of gestation.The baby produced in this manner (conceived out of and nursed in the uterus) is called a test tube baby. The baby is not reared in the test tube. A scientific term for this procedure is in vitro ("in glass") fertilization. The success rate of the technique is less than 20%.To increase the chances of success, the prospective mother is given fertility drugs which cause many ovarian follicles to mature at the same time. This releases many eggs simultaneously, thereby increasing the chances of success.
A developing embryo can be inserted into the uterus of another female, called surrogate mother, provided her hormones are in the proper phase of reproductive cycle for implantation to occur.

10.

Like non-medicated IUDs, they increase phagocytosis of sperms and bring about unsuitable changes in the female genital tract.In addition, they suppress sperm motility so that fertilization of ovum does not occur.

11.

MTPs are performed to remove unwanted pregnancies as in the following cases,
(i)where the foetus is suffering from an incurable disease
(ii)where pregnancy has occured due to unwanted events like rapes.
(iii)that has occured due to unprotected sexual intercourse.
(iv)where countinuation of pregnancy will be harmfull to the mother and/or foetus.

12.

Saheli ia an oral contraceptive for females; it contains a non-steroidal preparation.It has been developed in Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow.

13.

Objectives of RCH
(i)Creating awareness among the people about various reproduction-related aspects.
(ii)Providing facilities and support for building up a reproductively healthy society.

14.

Reasons
(i)There is a rapid decline in the death rate, maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate(IMR)
(ii)There is an increase in the number of people in reproductive age
Steps taken by government
(i)Statutory raising of marriageable age of the females to 18 years and that of males to 21 years.
(ii)Providing incentives to couples with small families.

15.

Cut is an intra-uterine device (IUD) and functions as follows:
1. It suppresses sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms.
2. It increases phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.

Generic 3

10 x 3 = 30

16.

(i) The sex of baby in the womb can be determined by amniocentesis technique. It can be done after first three months of pregnancy.
(ii) It can be stopped by legislation. The Government has already imosed a ban on sex-determination of the foetus. In & also declared that those who are involved in foeticide practise are liable to punishment. Public awamess about it is also being spread through media & plays etc.
(iii) Geeta is quite enquiring & has exhibited the values of awareness, inquisition & curiosity.

17.

(a) Motivate smaller families.
(b) Use media/poster showing a happy couple with two children with slogan 'hum do hamare do'.
(c) Statutory raising of marriageable age of the female to 18 years and male to 21 years.

18.

(i) Oral pills
(ii) Surgical method
(iii) Surgical method
(iv) Barrier method
(v) Barrier method
(vi) Barrier method

19.

Two most probable reasons for rapid rise of population in our country are:
1. Increase in birth rate,
2. Decline of death rate.

20.

The babies produced by conceiving in a culture dish and nursing in the uterus are called test tube babies

21.

Embryo or zygote is transferred into the uterus or fallopian tube in the foliowing ways:
(i) The zygote or embryo upto eight blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube; it is called Zygote Intra
Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT).
(ii) Embryo with more than eight blastomeres are transferred into the uterus; it is called Intra-Uterine Transfer (IUT).

22.

(i) Syphilis
(ii) Gonorrhoea
(iii) Trichomoniasis
(iv) Genital herpes
(v) Chlamydiasis
(vi) AIDS

23.

Fertilisation can be prevented by barrier methods.
(i) Condoms are the barriers made of thin rubber/latex sheath, that covers the penis in males and the vagina and cervix in females.
(ii) Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are the barriers used by females.
(iii) Spermicidal creams are used to kill / incapaciate the sperms.

24.

(i) Better awareness about sex-related aspects.
(ii) Decreased maternal and infant mortality rates.
(iii) Increased number of couples with small families.
(iv) Earlier detection and cure of STDs.
(v) Overall increased medical facilities for sex-related problems.
(vi) Increased number of medical-assisted deliveries and better postnatal care.

25.

The assisted reproductive technologies enable the infertile couples to have children.
lIFT refers to the method of embryo transfer in the test tube baby programme, in which the zygote or embryo upto 8-blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube.
GIFT refers to the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor female into the fallopian tube of another female, who cannot produce an ovum, but can provide suitable conditions for fertilisation and pregnancy.
Intrauterine transfer refers to the transfer of embryo with more than 8-blastomeres into the uterus of a female.

Generic 5

4 x 5 = 20

26.

(i) Mohan is right in saying that sperm donation is helpful for infertile couples in granting them the parent-hood.
(ii) Sperm donation is useful in following types of infertility cases.
(a) Oligosperma-i.e., low sperm count.
(b) Inability of male partiner to inseminate.
(iii) Value- Compassion for others and courage

27.

(i) Amit displayed his concern about the well being of others, about poverty and improving quality of life.
(ii) There are several methods of birth control which can broadly be classified under natural (coitus interrupts), barrier (condom, diaphragms, Intrauterine devices) and physiological (oral hormonal pills) categories.
(iii) Condoms also protect from infection of AIDS and STDs.

28.

STDs are infectious, communicable and acquired diseases.These pose a major threat to a healthy society as these may lead to a number of complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PIDs) abortions, stillbirth, ectopic pregnancies, infertility, or even cancer of productive tract.

STD	Casual organism	Symptoms
(i) Chlamydiosis	Bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis Unprotected sexual act with infected person.	Urethritis (Characterized by thick plus-like discharge from penis in male; and inflammation of cervix and uterus in female). change into PID and causes sterility.
(ii) Genital herpes	Herpes simplex Type-2 virus Unprotected sexual act with infected person.	Watery blisters on the genitalia or buttocks, fever, painful urination and swollen lymph nodes.

Preventive measures: Avoid prostitution and homosexuality, and use condoms.

29.

Counseling and creating awareness among people about the following aspects would help in building up a reproductively healthy society
(i) Reproductive organs
(ii) Adolescence and associated changes
(iii) Safe and hygienic sexual practices and
(iv) Sexually transmitted diseases
Educating people, especially fertile couples and those in marriageable age group about the following would help to raise a socially responsible society.
(i) Available birth control methods
(ii) Care of pregnant mothers
(iii) Importance of breast feeding and
(iv) Equal opportunities for a girl child.

Multiple Choice Question

4 x 1 = 4

30.